[The influence of the penetrating cryoprotectors on protein synthesis in the cell-free system of the rat liver].

The influence of the penetrating cryoprotector and Mg2+ ions on the protein-synthesizing activity of postmitochondrial supernantant of the rat liver as well as on aminoacylation processes has been investigated. The addition of the penetrating cryoprotectors--ethylene glycol and DMSO--resulted in the concentration-dependant reversible inhibition of the protein biosynthesis and aminoacylation reaction in the cell-free system. These cryoprotectors at low concentrations intensified the stimulating effect of Mg2+ on the cumulative protein synthesis in the cell-free system.

[Stimulation of cell cultures recovery after cryopreservation by the cattle cord blood FRACTION (below 5 kDa) or Actovegin].

The capacities of the cattle cord blood low-molecular fraction (below 5 kDa) and Actovegin (the vealer blood fraction (below 5 kDa)) for recovering functions of cell cultures after cryopreservation compared. Their influence proliferation of the flozen-thawed cell cultures, certain stages of their growth, cell attachment, rate of cell spreading, and mitotic regiment has been studied. Both the cord blood low-molecular fraction and Actovegin were shown to stimulate growth of the cell cultures after cryopreservation more efficiently at the concentration of 224 μg/ml.

[Stimulatory effect of the cord blood fraction below 5 kDa and "Actovegin" on the growth of continuous cell lines].

The influence of the cattle cord blood fraction with molecular weight of components below 5 kDa on adhesive and proliferative properties of continuous cell lines BHK-21 clone q3/04 and PK-15-IECVM was investigated in comparison with the preparation "Actovegin". It was shown that adding this fraction as well as "Actovegin" to growth media did not affect the efficiency of culture attachment, promoted culture spreading, improved cell morphology and stimulated mitotic activity of the cultures. The efficiency of the cord blood fraction below 5 kDa estimated by the induces studied was found to be higher than the "Actovegin" efficiency when cells being cultivated in the media different contents of blood serum.

[Changes in protein composition in the goldfish tissues depending on season and temperature of keeping].

Data of SDS-electrophoresis of tissues proteins of the goldfish Carassius auratus netted in winter and summer and kept at different temperatures (+5 degrees C and +20 degrees C) are presented. It has been ascertained that after keeping the "winter" fish at 5 degrees C for 2 weeks quantities of the protein 205 kD in the red muscles and heart and the protein 172 kD in the liver are significantly decreased. A slight decline in contents of the proteins 105 and 45 kD was observed in the white muscles of deacclimated fish.

[Glycosaminoglycanes of cartilage tissue of rats after the mechanical trauma: the influence of low-molecular fraction from the cord blood and blood of dairy calves].

Influence of low-molecular fraction (to 5 kDa) from cord blood (FCB) compared with "Actovegin" derived from the blood of veal calves on the content of the matrix polysaccharide components from and proteins of the cartilage connecting tissue after the mechanical trauma was investigated. It is established, that intramuscular administration of FCB essentially stimulates the accumulation of the basic components of the matrix: hexosamine, uronic acid, hyaluronic acid, chondroitinsulfate and heparin, and also the most important components of structural proteins in the cartilage regenerate of the rat knee joint.

[Influence of cattle cord blood fraction below 5 kD on biochemical parameters of blood in experimental chronic stomach ulcer in rats].

Influence of cattle cord blood fraction (below 5 kD) on lipid peroxidation product content and alkaline phosphatase activity-in peripheral blood was studied on the experimental subchronic stomach ulcer model in rats. It has been shown that the fraction administrations normalize thiobarbituric-active product content and alkaline phosphatase activity in blood, which testifies to decreasing inflammatory reaction in the mucous membrane of the stomach. The fraction administrations accelerate the processes of regeneration of the mucous membrane of the stomach up to complete healing of ulcer defects.

[The effects of actovegin on cell proliferation of permanent lines].

The influence of Actovegin on proliferation activity and mitotic regimen of cells of permanent lines PK-15-IEKVM and BHK-21 clone 13/04 was investigated. Addition of Actovegin into growth media containing bovine serums of different components and concentrations stimulates cell proliferation. Conclusion has been made that Actovegin can be used in cell culture biotechnology.

[Antioxidant system in the darkling beetle (Tenebrio molitor) in ontogenesis].

The level of antioxidant protection and lipid peroxidation (LP) intensity in the darkling beetle Tenebrio molitor on different developmental stages were assessed. Each stage was shown to be characterized by its own peculiarities of prooxidant-antioxidant balance. Thus, maximal intensity of oxidative processes estimated by LP intermediate product (diene conjugates and ketodiens) accumulation is attributable to pupae, and minimal intensity--to the 3rd-5th instar larvae.

[Low-molecular peptides from tissues of hibernating and cold-adapted animals influence cell proliferation in the Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma].

Polypeptides with cytostatic activity are known to be present in animal tissues during winter dormancy. A 1-10 kDa polypeptide fraction with cytostatic activity was obtained from brain tissue of hibernating ground squirrels and cold-adapted Yakut horses. The pattern of cytostatic activity of this fraction towards tumor cells is of great interest.

[The distribution of haptoglobin phenotypes among the population of Ukraine].

The results of investigation of haptoglobin (Hp) types in 596 donor blood samples in some towns of Ukraine (Dnepropetrovsk, Kharkov, Odessa, Kiev, Uzhgorod, Zhitomir) are presented. Three normal Hp types (Hp1-1, Hp2-1 and Hp2-2) have been found. The reliable interpopulation differences in the Hp types frequency were not found.

[Protein and RNA synthesis in larvae of the yellow mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor) during cooling and cold acclimatization].

Functioning of protein-synthesis system freeze-avoiding larvae of Tenebrio molitor. (Tenebrinidae family) has been investigated at temperature lowering to 6-8 degrees. It has been shown that mealworms maintain the protein and RNA biosynthesis under cold acclimation (6-8 degrees C).

[Seasonal changes in the structural-functional properties of erythrocyte membranes from Citellus undulatus].

The influence of hypothermic storage upon Citellus undulatus erythrocytes extracted during different functional state of the hibernator: hibernation, artificial awakening in winter and summer activity has been investigated. It has been revealed that the cells of the animals, which were in the state of deep hibernation, showed in vitro higher resistance of the systems providing ionic homeostasis (Na+/K+- and Ca(2+)-pompes and passive permeability) not only in comparison with the cells of non-hibernators but also in comparison with the cells of animals of the same species, which were in different functional states. Seasonal alterations of protein composition of ground squirrel erythrocyte membranes have been also investigated and ionic permeabilities of the monolamellar liposomes constructed from hibernator and non-hibernator erythrocyte membrane lipids have been compared.

[Erythrocyte membrane permeability of Citellus undulatus during hibernation].

We have studied the influence of the erythrocyte hypothermic storage of long-tailed ground squirrels at various physiological states and white mongrel rats on the impairment of the barrier function of their membranes for ferricyanide. The membranes of sleeping and awakening ground squirrels demonstrate the highest stability (the structural integrity is sustained for 3-3,5 months), meanwhile rat blood erythrocytes maintain the barrier function only for 2 weeks. Beside structural and viscous changes in the erythrocyte membrane and the cytosol of hibernating ground squirrel an important role in maintaining barrier function under conditions of hypothermic storage is played by the content of animal blood plasma.

[Effects of the fraction (1-10 kDa) of the brain of a Yakut horse on kinetic parameters of Ca2+ transport system in sarcolemma vesicles of cardiomyocytes].

The effect of the fraction (1-10 kDa) obtained from the brain of cold-adapted animal (Yakut horse) on Ca2+ transport in sarcolemma vesicles of cardiomyocytes was investigated. It was shown that during insertion of Yakut horse brain fraction into incubation medium at the concentration from 10(-9) M to 3.10(-5) M at Ca2+ transport substrate concentration from 0.

[The characteristics of the structural-functional state of the erythrocytes from homoiothermic and heterothermic animals during hypothermic storage].

Haemoglobin leakage and permeability for 86Rb and K ions during storage at normal and hypothermic conditions have been investigated in the erythrocytes of the ground squirrel Citellus undulatus in hibernating, arousing and awake animals, as well as in rats. During hibernation, stabilization of the barrier properties and a decrease in passive ionic permeability of erythrocyte membrane were observed. Preservation of ionic homeostasis of the erythrocytes in hibernating animals is favoured by activation of Na(+)-pump.

[Total protein and RNA biosynthesis in the liver cells of the long-tailed suslik Citellus undulatus in different functional states].

The synthesis of proteins and RNA have been studied by means of labeled precursors of 14C-amino acids and 14C-orotic acid in liver cells of hibernating, arousing and active ground squirrels (Citellus undulatus). The investigations conducted testify to the possibility of CHI-inhibited synthesis of proteins in liver cells of hibernating ground squirrels, which occurs, apparently, on preexisting polyribosomes. The low level of protein biosynthesis in this state is stipulated not only by the Arrhenius dependence, but by the dissociation of polyribosomes into monosomes as well.

[Structural reorganizations of the lipids and proteins of erythrocyte membranes under the action of low temperatures].

The reversible structural rearrangement of lipids and protein oligomerization has been shown to occur during cooling in membranes of model systems (liposome, erythrocyte shadows) and native erythrocytes. Analysing the dependence of Azz in membrane probes (5- or 15-doxylstearic acids) in the Arrhenius plots a conclusion on the structural changes at 13-19 degrees C and within the range of interior water freezing from -17 up to -19 degrees C has been drawn, the last transition is smoothed out in the presence of glycerin. Using diamide joining spectrin and electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel it has been determined that the low temperatures cause the spatial approach of proteins of spectrin-actinic complex and formation connections between the erythrocyte membrane proteins which aren't destroyed by dodecylsulfate.

[Protein synthesis in the organs of the long-tailed suslik (Citellus undulatus) in various functional states].

Protein synthesis has been observed in brain and liver of susliks during hibernation using specific radioactivity assay and cycloheximide inhibitor analysis. The data on cycloheximide sensitivity and radioactivity of total protein fractions after differential centrifugation suggest that protein synthesis during hibernation is mostly carried out on microsomes. Experiments on protein synthesis in cell-free extracts from liver of suslik at various functional states indicated that the pool of polyribosomes during hibernation is similar to that during wakening period and waking state.

[The effect of diphylic compounds on the transport of metabolites and cations in eukaryotic cells].

The effect of DMSO, glycerol, PEG, PVP on passive and active transport of metabolites and cations to the cells of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and erythrocytes has been investigated. The data indicating the stimulation or reversible inhibition of amino acid, nucleosides transport dependent on concentration of diphylic compounds have been shown. The inhibitory mechanisms of processes of metabolite and cation transport have been discussed.

[Effect of moderately low temperatures (-30 C to -70 C) on the permeability of erythrocyte membranes].

The barrier properties of reconstituted and native erythrocyte membranes frozen to -30, -40 or -70 degrees C and stored for a month were studied. The release of markers, namely haemoglobin molecules, [14C] sucrose and K+ ions from cells and membrane structures was measured. The main changes in the barrier function of ghosts and cells have been found to be due to freeze-thawing rather than to storage conditions.

[Effectiveness of the cryoprotective effect of glycerol and polyethylene glycol on plasma membranes].

The barrier properties of erythrocyte membranes were studied under freezing-thawing in cryopreservatives based on glycerol or polyethylene glycol Mm 1500 Da (PEG-1500) (at cryoprotectant concentrations from 0.5 to 30%). The state of the membrane barrier function in reconstituted and native erythrocytes subjected to rapid (200-400 degrees C per min) freezing has been registered by spectrophotometry, flame photometry, and radiolabel analysis as judged by labeled compound release (hemoglobin, K+, [14C]sucrose, 86Rb+).

[Transport of monovalent cations in erythrocytes after low temperature preservation and treatment with cryoprotective agents].

The freezing-thawing of erythrocytes under protection of 1,2-propane diol and glycerol was studied for its effect on the intracellular content of K+,Na+ and state of their passive and active transport. The low-temperature conservation of cells under the effect of penetrating cryoprotectors does not change essentially the content of univalent cations. A significant increase in the Na+ transport is observed with application of the cryoprotective medium on the base of 1,2-propane diol.

[Structural changes in erythrocyte membranes during cooling studied by a spin probe method].

Peculiarities of structural changes in erythrocyte membranes during freezing (from -20 degrees to -50 degrees) were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance method using spin-labelled derivative of stearic acid-5-doxylstearate. It was established that membranes underwent a number of structural reconstructions due to the temperature decrease and water freezing-out. Differences were found in temperature dependences that characterize lipid ordering during probe insertion into membranes of native erythrocytes, white ghosts, and liposomes from total lipids of erythrocyte membranes.

[Role of the transmembrane potential in impairing the barrier properties of erythrocyte membranes during cryopreservation].

Exposure of erythrocytes to nonpermeable cryoprotector solution (PEO-1500, sucrose) with reduced NaCl content resulted in the development of chlorine diffusion potential, calculated by the degree of medium acidulation. This was accompanied by the loss of intracellular K+ and the increase in hemolysis upon freezing and thawing.