Ellagic acid alleviates aluminum and/or drought stress through morpho-physiochemical adjustments and stress-related gene expression in Zea mays L.

This study investigates the potential of ellagic acid (EA) to mitigate the effects of drought and aluminum (Al) stresses in maize by examining various morpho-physiochemical parameters and gene expressions. Maize (Zea mays L.) serves as a crucial global food source, but its growth and productivity are significantly hindered by drought and aluminum (Al) stresses, which lead to impaired root development, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), diminished photosynthetic efficiency, and reduced water and mineral absorption.

N-acetyl-cysteine mitigates arsenic stress in lettuce: Molecular, biochemical, and physiological perspective.

Agricultural land contaminated with heavy metals such as non-biodegradable arsenic (As) has become a serious global problem as it adversely affects agricultural productivity, food security and human health. Therefore, in this study, we investigated how the administration of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), regulates the physio-biochemical and gene expression level to reduce As toxicity in lettuce. According to our results, different NAC levels (125, 250 and 500 μM) significantly alleviated the growth inhibition and toxicity induced by As stress (20 mg/L).

5-Aminolevulinic acid treatment mitigates pesticide stress in bean seedlings by regulating stress-related gene expression and retrotransposon movements.

Overdoses of pesticides lead to a decrease in the yield and quality of plants, such as beans. The unconscious use of deltamethrin, one of the synthetic insecticides, increases the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by causing oxidative stress in plants. In this case, plants tolerate stress by activating the antioxidant defense mechanism and many genes.

Characterization of gene () in melatonin-treated common bean under salt and drought stress.

Unlabelled: The two-component system () generally consists of three elements, namely the histidine kinase (), response regulator (), and histidine phosphotransfer () gene families. This study aimed to assess the expression of  genes in  leaf tissue under salt and drought stress and perform a genome-wide analysis of  gene family members using bioinformatics methods. This study identified 67  genes, including 10 , 38 , and 19 , in the bean genome.

Advances in bread wheat production through CRISPR/Cas9 technology: a comprehensive review of quality and other aspects.

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the CRISPR/Cas9 technique and the research areas of this gene editing tool in improving wheat quality. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the basic nutrition for most of the human population, contributes 20% of the daily energy needed because of its, carbohydrate, essential amino acids, minerals, protein, and vitamin content.

α-Tocopherol application as a countermeasure to UV-B stress in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

The source of energy for all photoautotrophic organisms is light, which is absorbed by photosynthetic processes and used to transform carbon dioxide and HO into organic molecules. The majority of UV-B light (280 to 320 nm) is absorbed by stratospheric ozone layer, although some of it does reach at the Earth's surface. Because of the sedentary lifestyle of plants, this form of abiotic stress is unavoidable and can induce growth and even cell death.

Biosynthesis of capsaicinoids in pungent peppers under salinity stress.

The synthesis of capsaicinoids occurs in the placenta of the fruits of pungent peppers. However, the mechanism of capsaicinoids' biosynthesis in pungent peppers under salinity stress conditions is unknown. The Habanero and Maras genotypes, the hottest peppers in the world, were chosen as plant material for this study, and they were grown under normal and salinity (5 dS m ) conditions.

Determination of antimicrobial and antimutagenic properties of some Schiff bases.

In this study, we aimed to investigate for the first time antimicrobial and antimutagenic activities new two Schiff bases, obtained from a primary amine (p-toluidine, o-toluidine) and an aldehyde (Helicin). Synthesized compounds characterized with elemental analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. 1H-13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Humic + Fulvic acid mitigated Cd adverse effects on plant growth, physiology and biochemical properties of garden cress.

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic and very mobile heavy metal that can be adsorbed and uptaken by plants in large quantities without any visible sign. Therefore, stabilization of Cd before uptake is crucial to the conservation of biodiversity and food safety. Owing to the high number of carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups in their structure, humic substances form strong bonds with heavy metals which makes them perfect stabilizing agents.

Determination of the Genetic Relationships Among Species by RAPD and ISSR Analyses.

Objectives: L. is the largest genus of the family Lamiaceae, which includes approximately 1000 species. According to recent studies, 100 Salvia species in total grow in Turkey.

Cobalt-induced retrotransposon polymorphism and humic acid protection on maize genome.

Retrotransposon activity and genomic template stability (GTS) are one of the most significant rearranging mechanisms in environmental stress. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to elucidate effecting of Cobalt (Co) on the instability of genomes and Long Terminal Repeat retrotransposon polymorphism in Zea mays and whether humic acid (HA) has any role on these parameters. For this purpose, Retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP) and Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP) markers were applied to evaluate retrotransposon polymorphism and the GTS levels.

Synthesis, anti-microbial and anti-mutagenic activities of some Schiff bases derivatives containing thiophene group.

The aim of this study is to investigate for the first time in vitro antimicrobial and antimutagenic activities of Schiff bases included the azomethine group. Antimutagenic activity was evaluated by micronucleus (MN) assay. These group have been examined for antibacterial activity against pathogenic strains, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi H, Brucella abortus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Novel polymeric microspheres: Synthesis, enzyme immobilization, antimutagenic activity, and antimicrobial evaluation against pathogenic microorganisms.

New polymeric microspheres containing azomethine (1a-1c and 2a-2c) were synthesized by condensation to compare the enzymatic properties of the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) and to investigate antimutagenic and antimicrobial activities. The polymeric microspheres were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, thermal gravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The catalytic activity of the glucose oxidase enzyme follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics.

Nitric oxide mitigates salt stress effects of pepper seedlings by altering nutrient uptake, enzyme activity and osmolyte accumulation.

This study was planned to evaluate the role of exogenous application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, on the deleterious effect of salinity in L. seedlings. Different NO doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 µM SNP) were foliarly applied to pepper seedlings grown under the non-saline and saline conditions (50, 100 and 150 mM of NaCl).

Anti-mutagenic and Anti-oxidant Potencies of and & .

In this study, the mutagenic and anti-mutagenic effects of methanol extract of three lichen species (, and ) were investigated by using WP2, Ames-Salmonella (TA1535 and TA1537) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test systems. The results obtained from bacterial test systems demonstrated that methanol extracts of three lichen species have strong anti-mutagenic potencies on TA1535, TA1537 strains and to a lesser extent on -WP2 strain. The anti-oxidant level of human lymphocytes cells was determined in order to clarify the mechanism underlying the anti-mutagenic effects of these lichen species.

Protective role of humic acids against picloram-induced genomic instability and DNA methylation in Phaseolus vulgaris.

Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) is a liquid auxinic herbicide used to control broad-leaved weeds. Picloram is representing a possible hazard to ecosystems and human health. Therefore, in this study, DNA methylation changes and DNA damage levels in Phaseolus vulgaris exposed to picloram, as well as whether humic acid (HA) has preventive effects on these changes were investigated.

5-Aminolevulinic acid improves DNA damage and DNA Methylation changes in deltamethrin-exposed Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings.

Deltamethrin, synthetic type II pyrethroid, is one of the most widely used pesticide in agriculture. Intense use of deltamethrin can cause permanant or temporary damages in nontarget plant species. In this study, we aimed to determine DNA methylation change and DNA damage level in Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings subjected to different concentrations of deltamethrin (0.

Antioxidant and antigenotoxic potencies of Sempervivum armenum on human lymphocytes in vitro.

In this research, the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of methanol extract of Sempervivum armenum (MSA) were studied using micronucleus (MN) test and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test systems in cultured human peripheral blood cells. According to the SCE and MN tests results, MSA reduced the genotoxic effects of aflatoxin B. In order to explain the reason for the antigenotoxic effects of MSA, antioxidants levels were determined.

Static magnetic field induced epigenetic changes in wheat callus.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is always damaged by endogenous and exogenous factors. Magnetic field (MF) is one of these exogenous factors. When repair mechanisms are not sufficient, mainly because of imbalance in damage or mistakes in repair mechanisms, methylation of DNA results in polymorphism-related abnormalities.

Genetic diversity and relationships detected by ISSR and RAPD analysis among Aethionema species growing in Eastern Anatolia (Turkey).

In this study, Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) analysis were used to examine the genetic relationships among eight Aethionema species (Aethionema caespitosum, A. arabicum, A. cordatum, A.

Determination of genotoxic effects of boron and zinc on Zea mays using protein and random amplification of polymorphic DNA analyses.

In this research, we aimed to determine genotoxic effects of boron (B) and zinc (Zn) on Zea mays by using total soluble protein content and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses. For the RAPD analysis, 16 RAPD primers were found to produce unique polymorphic band profiles on treated maize seedlings. With increased Zn and B concentrations, increased polymorphism rate was observed, while genomic template stability and total soluble protein content decreased.

Effects of As2O3 on DNA methylation, genomic instability, and LTR retrotransposon polymorphism in Zea mays.

Arsenic is a well-known toxic substance on the living organisms. However, limited efforts have been made to study its DNA methylation, genomic instability, and long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon polymorphism causing properties in different crops. In the present study, effects of As2O3 (arsenic trioxide) on LTR retrotransposon polymorphism and DNA methylation as well as DNA damage in Zea mays seedlings were investigated.