CYP450 2D6 and 2C19 genotypes in ADHD: not related with treatment resistance but with over-representation of 2C19 ultra-metabolizers.

Objectives: Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is a major enzyme system involved in drug metabolism as well as regulation of brain function. Although individual variability in CYP enzymes have been studied in terms of personality traits and treatment effects, no study up to now evaluated CYP polymorphisms in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We aimed to define the genetic profiles of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 relevant alleles in children with ADHD according to treatment status and compare the frequencies according to past results.

Comparison of ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency versus steroid injection in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most widespread form of nerve entrapment neuropathy results from increase compression pressure of the median nerve at the wrist under the transverse carpal ligament.

Aims: To compare ultrasound (US)-guided median nerve steroid injection and pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) on pain intensity, functional status, and patient satisfaction in the treatment of CTS.

Methods: A total of 90 hands of 59 patients who underwent steroid injection at the level of proximal carpal tunnel or PRF for CTS were retrospectively analyzed.

High Depression Symptoms and Burnout Levels Among Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Multi-Center, Cross-Sectional, Case-Control Study.

The diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a child affects family processes, increases parenting stress and marital conflicts, and may lead to parental psychopathology. It may also affect the prognosis for their children. The aim of this study is to determine depression and burnout levels as well as their predictors among parents of children with ASD compared with those of healthy children.

Does Treatment with Dexmedetomidine Intra-articularly Improve Postoperative Pain and Rehabilitation after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?

This study aims to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of dexmedetomidine added to levobupivacaine following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery. Fifty patients undergoing ACL reconstruction were included. Group DL (dexmedetomidin-levobupivacaine) received 20 mL 0.

Cytokine expression profiles in Autism spectrum disorder: A multi-center study from Turkey.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in communication and social interaction as well as restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. The pathogenesis of ASD is not completely understood, but a growing body of research has demonstrated that the immune response may be a contributing factor in the etiology and/ or ontogeny of ASD. The aim of this study was to determine the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α and TGF-β in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children with ASD and healthy controls in order to determine the contributions of cytokines to ASD.

The prevalence of childhood psychopathology in Turkey: a cross-sectional multicenter nationwide study (EPICPAT-T).

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of childhood psychopathologies in Turkey.

Method: A nation-wide, randomly selected, representative population of 5830 children (6-13 years-old) enrolled as a 2nd,3rd or 4th grade student in 30 cities were evaluated for presence of a psychiatric or mental disorder by a Sociodemographic Form, Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), and DSM-IV-Based Screening Scale for Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Children and Adolescents scales. Impairment criterion was assessed via a 3 point-Likert scale by the parent and the teacher independently.

Amenorrhea as a Side Effect of Low Dose Aripiprazole: An Adolescent Case.

Amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, galactorrhoea, gynecomastia, infertility, and sexual dysfunction may arise as a consequence of hyperprolactinemia. Hyperprolactinemia is one of major side effects of treatment with antipsychotics, but aripiprazole is known as a dopamine stabilizer antipsychotic which can be used to improve hyperprolactinemia. In this report, it was described that an adolescent patient experienced amenorrhea after adding very low dose aripiprazole to ongoing fluoxetine treatment regime for major depressive disorder.

Migraine and associated comorbidities are three times more frequent in children with ADHD and their mothers.

Objective: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuro-developmental disorder related to internalizing and externalizing disorders as well as somatic complaints and disorders. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of headache subtypes, epilepsy, atopic disorders, motion sickness and recurrent abdominal pain among children and adolescents with ADHD and their parents.

Methods: In a multi-center, cross-sectional, familial association study using case-control design, treatment naïve children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years of age diagnosed with ADHD according to the DSM-5 criteria as well as age- and gender-matched healthy controls and their parents were evaluated by a neurologist and analyzed accordingly.

Developmental delays and psychiatric diagnoses are elevated in offspring staying in prisons with their mothers.

The aim of the study was to describe the sociodemographic and clinical features of the mothers and their offspring staying with them in prison. The study was planned as a cross-sectional, single-center study of mothers residing in Tarsus Closed Women's Prison of Turkish Ministry of Justice along with their 0 to 6 years old offspring. Mothers were evaluated via Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders.

Hiccup Due to Aripiprazole Plus Methylphenidate Treatment in an Adolescent with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and Conduct Disorder: A Case Report.

Our case had hiccups arising in an adolescent with the attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD) after adding aripiprazole treatment to extended-release methylphenidate. Actually, antipsychotics are also used in the treatment of hiccups, but studies suggest that they can cause hiccups as well. Within 12 hours of taking 2.

Achalasia as a complication of bulimia nervosa: A case report.

Objective: Oesophageal achalasia is a medical condition characterised by oesophageal aperistalsis, an increased resting pressure with partial or incomplete relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter. Bulimia nervosa (BN) is an eating disorder manifested by binge eating attacks followed by recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviours, such as self-induced vomiting and excessive exercise. Dysphagia, regurgitation, vomiting, retrosternal pain, heartburn, weight loss, avoidance of eating, consumption of large amount of liquids and aberrant eating behaviours are symptoms of both achalasia and BN.

Current Approaches in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Anaesthesia.

Risk assesment, preoperative drug regulation, the anesthesia and analgesia techniques are very important and the effectivity on success of surgery is great. So, these topics in arthroplasty were reviewed under current knowledge.

Tibia stress fracture secondary to obsessive compulsive disorder.

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder characterized by obsessions and compulsions. Early-onset OCD is one of the most common mental illnesses of children and adolescents, with a prevalence of 1% to 3%. It is related to worse lifespan symptoms and prognosis.

Persistent hiccups due to aripiprazole in an adolescent with obsessive compulsive disorder responding to dose reduction and rechallenge.

Our case involves persistent hiccup arising in an adolescent with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) who was using aripiprazole as an augmentation to fluoxetine and whose hiccups remitted with dose reduction and rechallenge. Treatment suggested that aripiprazole might lead to hiccups. Antipsychotics are also used for the treatment of hiccups, but recent case reports suggest that they cause hiccups as well.

Self-concept in children and adolescents with epilepsy: The role of family functioning, mothers' emotional symptoms and ADHD.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the associated factors of poor self-concept in children and adolescents with epilepsy.

Methods: Fifty-three patients with uncomplicated epilepsy (aged 7-18years) and 28 healthy controls were included. Study measures included the Piers-Harris 2 Self-Concept Scale, Family Assessment Device (FAD), Turgay DSM-IV based ADHD rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S), Conners' Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS-R), Beck Depression Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).

Dystonia in an adolescent on risperidone following the discontinuation of methylphenidate: a case report.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with common comorbidities that include oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, anxiety disorder, and affective disorders. Because of these comorbidities, drug combination treatments and drug-drug interactions are becoming increasingly more frequent. The present case report describes an acute dystonic reaction following the abrupt discontinuation of methylphenidate from a drug regimen with risperidone.

Does dexmedetomidine provide cardioprotection in coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass? A pilot study.

Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate whether dexmedetomidine has a cardioprotective effect during coronary artery bypass graft surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Design: A prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Setting: A university hospital.

Intravenous dexmedetomidine for treatment of intraoperative penile erection.

Background: Intraoperative penile erections following the initiation of either regional or general anaesthesia is rare; however, when it occurs in patients undergoing urologic procedures it may delay, or even cancel the planned surgery. The aetiology is unclear. Various treatments proposed for producing detumescence are not always effective.

The comparison of the effects of dexmedetomidine and midazolam sedation on electroencephalography in pediatric patients with febrile convulsion.

Background: When electroencephalogram (EEG) activity is recorded for diagnostic purposes, the effects of sedative drugs on EEG activity should be minimal. This study compares the sedative efficacy and EEG effects of dexmedetomidine and midazolam.

Subjects And Methods: EEG recordings of 60 pediatric subjects with a history of simple febrile convulsions were performed during physiologic sleep.

Comparison of the effects of ketamine or lidocaine on fentanyl-induced cough in patients undergoing surgery: A prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.

Background: Fentanyl-induced cough is common but has not been viewed as a serious anesthetic problem. However, the cough may be explosive at times, may require immediate intervention, and may be associated with undesirable increases in intracranial, intraocular, and intra-abdominal pressures. Prevention of fentanylinduced cough in such situations is of paramount importance.

The efficiency of pulsed radiofrequency application on L5 and l6 dorsal roots in rabbits developing neuropathic pain.

Background: Injury of a peripheral nerve may lead to neuropathic pain, a form of chronic pain that does not respond to traditional pain therapies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) applied to the L5 and L6 dorsal roots on the neuropathic pain that develops after sciatic nerve injury in rabbits.

Methods: In this study, 18 New Zealand rabbits were used.

Comparison of 3 doses of ropivacaine for epidural anesthesia in transurethral surgery.

Objective: To investigate the use of 3 different doses of ropivacaine on the quality of anesthesia and hemodynamics in epidural anesthesia for transurethral surgery.

Methods: The current study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty of Erciyes University, Turkey, between May 2004 and June 2006. The study recruited 81 males of ASA I- II group, ages 60-80 years, undergoing transurethral resection of prostate or bladder tumors.

Propofol-ketamine vs propofol-fentanyl for sedation during pediatric upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of propofol-ketamine with propofol-fentanyl in pediatric patients undergoing diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE).

Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double blinded comparison of propofol-ketamine with propofol-fentanyl for sedation in patients undergoing elective UGIE. Ninety ASA I-II, aged 1 to 16-year-old patients were included in the study.