Infant of a diabetic mother: clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment.

An infant of a diabetic mother is defined as a newborn born to a mother who has diabetes during pregnancy. The term diabetic mother refers to pregnant women with diabetes diagnosed either before (type 1 or 2 diabetes) or during pregnancy (gestational diabetes). Rising incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in young women and increasing maternal age at conception account for the higher risk of birth complications and adverse maternal and infant outcomes.

Fetal Third-Trimester Functional Cardiovascular Abnormalities and Neonatal Elevated Bilirubin Level.

Background: The aim of the study was to analyze the neonatal outcomes of fetuses with diagnosed functional cardiovascular abnormalities, also considering the connection with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

Materials And Methods: It was an observational study of 100 neonates who had fetal echocardiography examinations in the third trimester (mean gestational age during the last echocardiography was 34 ± 3 weeks and mean birth weight was 3550 g). There were two groups: A: normal heart anatomy + no functional anomalies; group B: normal heart anatomy + functional abnormalities.

The COVID-19 pandemic impact on the Polish medical personnel work: a survey and in-depth interviews study.

Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the work of medical personnel in terms of: task scope, preparation to perform medical tasks related to the pandemic, team collaboration, involvement in tasks performed, concerns about performing tasks related to the pandemic, stress levels.

Methods: The mixed-method approach was applied to this cross-sectional study. The online questionnaire which included 40 questions was completed via Google among medical personnel in Poland.

The prevalence of hypothyroxinemia in premature newborns.

Congenital hypothyroidism diagnosed by TSH assessment in bloodspot screening may be overlooked in preterm newborns due to immaturity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in them. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and causes of hypothyroxinemia in preterm newborns, determined by TSH and FT4 serum concentration measurement, performed on the 3-5 day of life. We assessed TSH, FT4 and FT3 serum concentration on the 3-5 day of life in preterm children born at our centre within three consecutive years.

Advantages of side-lying position. A comparative study of positioning during bottle-feeding in preterm infants (≤34 weeks GA).

Background: The quality and safety of bottle-feeding in premature infants can be improved by optimal positioning. This study analysed the advantages of side-lying position (SLP) and semielevated position (SEP) during bottle-feeding in premature infants.

Material And Methods: A total of 42 neonates (n=42) born ≤34 weeks of gestational age were included in the study.

Small prenatal diameter of the ascending aorta is associated with increased mortality risk in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether selected prenatal markers obtained from fetal echocardiography can predict postnatal outcome in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) patients. We also aimed to verify the prognostic value of lung-to-head ratio (LHR).

Material And Methods: The study group included 29 fetuses with CDH.

The influence of the technique of surfactant administration (LISA vs INSURE) on the outcomes of respiratory distress syndrome treatment in preterm infants.

Objective: Intratracheal administration of exogenous surfactant is a well-established therapy for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. The two preferred methods for respiratory support in neonates that contribute to limiting the risk of lung damage associated with mechanical ventilation include nCPAP and non-invasive ventilation. The increasing popularity of surfactant administration techniques is due to the fact they reduce the time of mechanical ventilation until this medication is administered.

Therapeutic hypothermia in asphyxiated newborns: selective head cooling vs. whole body cooling - comparison of short term outcomes.

Objectives: Therapeutic hypothermia TH became broadly used in the management of the asphyxiated newborns. Although two cooling methods are used, so far the superiority of none of them has been established. The purpose of the study is to compare two cooling methods: selective head cooling (SHC) and whole body cooling (WBC) MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study in newborns with HIE.

The level of extracellular superoxide dismutase in the first week of life in very and extremely low birth weight infants and the risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Background Antioxidant enzymes may play a significant role in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the level of extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) in the serum at days 1 and 7 of life and the risk of developing BPD. Methods The study comprised 103 neonates born before 32 weeks' gestation with a birth weight of ≤1500 g.

The impact of positioning on bottle-feeding in preterm infants (≤ 34 GA). A comparative study of the semi-elevated and the side-lying position - a pilot study.

Objective: Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the advantages of semi-elevated and side-lying positioning during bottle-feeding of preterm infants ≤ 34 weeks gestational age (34+0/7).

Patients And Methods: Material and methods: The study included six neonates (n=6) born ≤ 34 weeks gestational age who reached the age ≥ 32 weeks of postmenstrual age on the day when the study began and were hospitalized in the neonatology ward. Four bottle-feeding sessions were tested in each of the newborns: two in the side-lying and two in the semi-elevated position.

Fraction of Inspired Oxygen as a Predictor of CPAP Failure in Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Prospective Multicenter Study.

Introduction: There are limited data available regarding the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) predictive of the failure of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Therefore, we investigated factors predictive of CPAP failure in the first 72 h of life, with special attention to the prognostic role of FiO2.

Methods: This multicenter, prospective study enrolled infants <30 weeks gestation in whom CPAP was initiated within the first 15 min after birth.

The role of recombinant human CC10 in the prevention of chronic pulmonary insufficiency of prematurity.

Background: Preterm neonates can develop chronic pulmonary insufficiency of prematurity (CPIP) later in infancy. Recombinant human CC10 protein (rhCC10) is an anti-inflammatory agent that could potentially prevent CPIP.

Methods: The safety and efficacy of a single intratracheal dose of rhCC10 in reducing CPIP at 12 months corrected gestational age (CGA) was evaluated in a Phase II double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multisite clinical trial.

[Biomarkers of intrauterine growth restriction].

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a serious clinical problem affecting about 10% of all pregnancies, and even up to 15% of all monochorionic twin pregnancies. This disorder is accompanied by strongly increased perinatal mortality. IUGR has multiple causes including maternal, fetal, placental, and environmental factors.

Five-country manikin study found that neonatologists preferred using the LISAcath rather than the Angiocath for less invasive surfactant administration.

Aim: Less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) has been shown to decrease the risk of death and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm neonates. The LISAcath is the first catheter to be specifically developed for LISA, and we compared the clinical impressions of neonatologists using the LISAcath and the commonly used Angiocath in a simulated setting.

Methods: This was a multinational, multicentre study, conducted in October 2016, which involved 39 neonatologists who were recruited by employees of the sponsor from large, well-recognised neonatal intensive care units across Europe.

Intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome treated with surfactant: incidence and risk factors in the prospective cohort study.

Background: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a common pathology in preterm infants with extremely and very low birth weight. It is particularly often seen in newborns with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS).

Aim: To assess the incidence of IVH in preterm newborns with RDS treated with surfactant, and to identify factors that might reduce the risk of IVH in this population.

What is the impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on frequency of structural chromosome aberrations in pregnant women and their offspring?

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as carbohydrate intolerance which results in hyperglycemia first diagnosed during pregnancy. It is associated with an increased levels of oxidative stress due to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overproduction of ROS induces protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and different types of DNA damage.

Antibiotic consumption in laboratory confirmed vs. non-confirmed bloodstream infections among very low birth weight neonates in Poland.

Background: Newborns are a population in which antibiotic consumption is extremely high. Targeted antibiotic therapy should help to reduce antibiotics consumption. The aim of this study was an assessment of antibiotic usage in bloodstream infections treatment in the Polish Neonatology Surveillance Network (PNSN) and determining the possibility of applying this kind of data in infection control, especially for the evaluation of standard methods of microbiological diagnostics.

New method to predict need for Rashkind procedure in fetuses with dextro-transposition of the great arteries.

Objective: Prenatal congenital heart disease classification systems distinguish between critical dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) with restriction of the foramen ovale (FO) (which requires a Rashkind procedure within the first 24 h following delivery) and d-TGA for which surgery is planned (after prostaglandin perfusion or Rashkind procedure later than 24 h after delivery). However, current prenatal diagnostic criteria for postnatal FO restriction in d-TGA are inadequate, resulting in a high false-negative rate. We aimed to identify echocardiographic features to predict the urgent need for Rashkind procedure.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very and extremely low birth weight infants - analysis of selected risk factors.

Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze the role of specific risk factors affecting the development and clinical course of BPD in infants born before 32 weeks of gestation with a birth weight ≤ 1500g.

Materials And Methods: The study included 222 infants born and hospitalized at the Department of Neonatology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute. At their 28-th day of life, the patients were divided into two groups: with and without BPD.

Antenatal corticosteroids and respiratory distress syndrome - the first Polish national survey.

Objectives: Our retrospective study aimed to evaluate the rate and the appropriate use of antenatal corticosteroid therapy, and their effect on the incidence and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and its complications.

Material And Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical practice in Poland was performed using standard investigating tools: a questionnaire on the frequency of using antennal corticosteroids in the selected centers, as well as neonatal data. A total of 987 newborns at ≤ 32 weeks of gestation, treated in 54 centers (including 42 tertiary and 12 secondary referral centers) over a period of 6 months in 2013, were deemed eligible.

Thoracoamniotic Shunts in Macrocystic Lung Lesions: Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of thoracoamniotic shunts for drainage of macrocystic-type congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM).

Subjects And Methods: This was a retrospective study of 12 fetuses with a large thoracic cyst treated with thoracoamniotic shunting between 2004 and 2014 in a tertiary fetal therapy center. Medline was searched to identify cases of CCAM treated with thoracoamniotic shunting.

SUBGALEAL HEMATOMA AS A PERINATAL PRESENTATION OF RARE HEMATOLOGIC PROBLEMS IN NEWBORNS. OWN EXPERIENCE.

Introduction: Bleeding to the subgaleal space is a rare and often serious complication of childbirth. Delivery with the use of vacuum or forceps is considered as the main risk factor of subgaleal hemorrhage. Reports of other possible causes (including fetal ones) appear rarely.

PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA IN NEONATES WITH HYPOXIC ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY--QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. PART I. PROVIDING NEWBORN CARE BEFORE AND DURING TRANSFER TO THE REFERENCE CENTER.

The first decade of the 21st century saw the worldwide spread of therapeutic hypothermia as a beneficial therapeutic procedure in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. New guidelines for the resuscitation of newborns confirm that therapeutic hypothermia should be the standard method of treatment offered to neonates with acute perinatal hypoxia. The quality of care which an asphyxiated newborn receives during and immediately after resuscitation, as well as the mode of preparation for transport, can have a significant impact on improving the outcome, but it can also result in the deterioration of neonates treated with hypothermia.

Device-associated pneumonia of very low birth weight infants in Polish Neonatal Intensive Care Units.

Purpose: Late-Onset Pneumonia (LO-PNEU) is still the most important complication associated with the hospitalization of infants with very low birth weight (<1501g). The purpose of this paper is to summarize the results of an ongoing surveillance program defining LO-PNEU as associated or not associated with respiratory support in the NICU and distribution of causative pathogens from the Polish Neonatology Surveillance Network (PNSN).

Materials And Methods: Surveillance of infections was conducted in the years 2009-2011 at six Polish NICUs.