A nanotechnology driven effectual localized lung cancer targeting approaches using tyrosine kinases inhibitors: Recent progress, preclinical assessment, challenges, and future perspectives.

The higher incidence and mortality rate among all populations worldwide explains the unmet solutions in the treatment of lung cancer. The evolution of targeted therapies using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) has encouraged anticancer therapies. However, on-target and off-target effects and the development of drug resistance limited the anticancer potential of such targeted biologics.

Nanomedicine for colon-targeted drug delivery: strategies focusing on inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer.

The nanostructured drug-delivery systems for colon-targeted drug delivery are a promising field of research for localized diseases particularly influencing the colonic region, in other words, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and colorectal cancer. There are various drug-delivery approaches designed for effective colonic disease treatment, including stimulus-based formulations (enzyme-triggered systems, pH-sensitive systems) and magnetically driven drug-delivery systems. In addition, targeted drug delivery by means of overexpressed receptors also offers site specificity and reduces drug resistance.

From stem cells to extracellular vesicles: a new horizon in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

In the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become viable therapeutic tools. EVs produced from stem cells promote tissue healing by regulating the immune system, enhancing cell proliferation and aiding remodeling processes. Recently, EV has gained significant attention from researchers due to its ability to treat various diseases.

Development and In-Vitro Evaluation of Eugenol-Based Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Effectual Topical Treatment Against C. albicans.

The main objective of the experiment is to develop and evaluate hydrogel-bearing nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded with ketoconazole (KTZ) for the effective treatment of candidiasis. The eugenol was used as a liquid lipid (excipient) for the development of KTZ-loaded NLCs and was explored for anti-fungal effect. The production of NLCs involves high energy processes to generate spherical, uniform particles, having a higher percentage of entrapment efficiency (%EE) for KTZ with 89.

Exosomes: Recent Advances and Challenges as Targeted Therapeutic Delivery Vesicles.

The exosome is a naturally derived nanostructured lipid vesicle that ranges from 40-100 nm in size and is utilized to transport drugs, and biological macromolecules, including therapeutic RNA and proteins. It is a membrane vesicle actively released by cells to transport cellular components with a purpose for biological events. The conventional isolation technique has several drawbacks, including low integrity, low purity, long processing time, and sample preparation.

Lentinan: An unexplored novel biomaterial in drug and gene delivery applications.

Recently, lentinan (LNT) has been utilized for its diversified potential in research with an extended role from nutritional or medicinal applications to a novel biomaterial. LNT is a biocompatible, multifunctional polysaccharide employed as a pharmaceutical additive in engineering customized drug or gene carriers with an improved safety profile. Its triple helical structure containing hydrogen bonding offers more extraordinary binding sites for the attachments of dectin-1 receptors and polynucleotide sequences (poly(dA)).

A review on albumin as a biomaterial for ocular drug delivery.

Development of ocular drug delivery system is one of the most technically challenging tasks, when compared with other routes of drug delivery. Eye (an intricate organ) is highly sophisticated and sensitive organ due to presence of various structurally differed anatomical layers, which many times limits the drug delivery approaches. Despite several limitations, many advancements have been made as evidence from various recent studies involving improvement of both residence time and permeation of the drug at the ocular region.

COVID-19 vaccines: rapid development, implications, challenges and future prospects.

COVID-19 has affected millions of people and put an unparalleled burden on healthcare systems as well as economies throughout the world. Currently, there is no decisive therapy for COVID-19 or related complications. The only hope to mitigate this pandemic is through vaccines.

Theranostic Potential of Targeted Nanoparticles for Brain Cancer.

Cancer is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality all across the world. On an average, every year approximately 238,000 new cases of brain and other central nervous system tumors are diagnosed around the world. Amongst all, tumors of brain account for nearly 85% to 90% of all primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors.

Ano-Genital Warts and HIV Status- A Clinical Study.

Introduction: Ano-Genital Warts (AGW) like other Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) is associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. This study of AGW was done in HIV positive and HIV negative patients.

Aim: To study the risk factors and clinical presentations of ano-genital warts in HIV positive and negative patients.

Development of liposomes entrapped in alginate beads for the treatment of colorectal cancer.

Background: Folic Acid conjugated liposomes encapsulating Oxaliplatin (L-OHP) were entrapped in alginate beads and further coated with Eudragit-S-100 for effective delivery to colon tumors.

Methods: Liposomes were prepared by cast film method and folic acid was coupled on the surface of liposomes. They were further entrapped in alginate beads which were Eudragit coated for degradation in the colonic region.

Low Density Lipid Nanoparticles for Solid Tumor Targeting.

One of the most significant characteristics of cancer cells is their rapid dividing ability and overexpression of LDL receptors, which offers an opportunity for the selective targeting of these cells. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-encapsulated low density lipid nanoparticles (LDLN) were prepared by the emulsion congealing method which mimics the plasma-derived LDL by acquiring the apolipoprotein B-100 from the blood. The average particle size, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and drug content of the prepared LDLN dispersion were found to be 161±3.

Eudragit S100 Coated Citrus Pectin Nanoparticles for Colon Targeting of 5-Fluorouracil.

In the present study, Eudragit S100 coated Citrus Pectin Nanoparticles (E-CPNs) were prepared for the colon targeting of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Citrus pectin also acts as a ligand for galectin-3 receptors that are over expressed on colorectal cancer cells. Nanoparticles (CPNs and E-CPNs) were characterized for various physical parameters such as particle size, size distribution, and shape drug release studies revealed selective drug release in the colonic region in the case of E-CPNs of more than 70% after 24 h.

Targeting liver cancer via ASGP receptor using 5-FU-loaded surface-modified PLGA nanoparticles.

Context: Liver cancer is widespread liver malignancy in the world, for an estimated one million deaths annually.

Objective: In present work, lactobionic acid conjugated PLGA nanoparticles (LDNPs) bearing 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) were developed for targeted delivery to hepatocellular carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: Lactobionic acid conjugated PLGA was used to prepare LDNPs using modified emulsion diffusion method.

Development and validation of the HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of Paclitaxel and topotecan.

A simple, rapid, accurate and precise high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for simultaneous analysis of Paclitaxel and Topotecan was developed. Different analytical parameters, such as linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity with intentional degradation, limit of detection and limit of quantification (LOQ), were determined according to the ICH guidelines. Acetonitrile-water (70:30, 0.

Peptide and protein delivery using new drug delivery systems.

Pharmaceutical and biotechnological research sorts protein drug delivery systems by importance based on their various therapeutic applications. The effective and potent action of the proteins/peptides makes them the drugs of choice for the treatment of numerous diseases. Major research issues in protein delivery include the stabilization of proteins in delivery devices and the design of appropriate target-specific protein carriers.

A new horizon in modifications of chitosan: syntheses and applications.

Chitosan is a naturally occurring biopolymer having diversified applications not only in the pharmaceutical field, but also in the biomedical profession. The presence of functional groups, i.e.

Insulin delivery through nasal route using thiolated microspheres.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of developed thiolated microspheres for insulin delivery through nasal route. In the present study, cysteine was immobilized on carbopol using EDAC. A total of 269.

Liposomes a vesicular nanocarrier: potential advancements in cancer chemotherapy.

The indispensable obligation behind the successful therapy of a disease is to deliver the effective drug/bioactive concentration with sustained release manner at the diseased organs without any exposure to the healthy tissues. Novel drug-delivery systems increase the concentration and persistence of drug at the vicinity of the target site and thereby minimize the undesired side effects of the drug to the normal tissues of body. With advances in nanotechnology, several new drug delivery approaches have become available that may fulfil the requirement of safe and effective drug therapy.

Chitosan: a potential polymer for colon-specific drug delivery system.

Introduction: There is an enormous growth and awareness of the potential applications of natural polymers for colon delivery of therapeutic bioactives. Chitosan (CH), a cationic polysaccharide, has a number of vital applications in the field of colon delivery and has attracted a great deal of attention from formulation scientists, academicians and environmentalists due to its unique properties.

Areas Covered: CH has been widely explored for the delivery of drugs, peptides, proteins and genes to the colon for different therapeutic applications.

Development of surface-functionalised nanoparticles for FGF2 receptor-based solid tumour targeting.

The surface-functionalised gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) containing cisplatin were developed and characterised for breast cancer targeting using fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) receptors which are overexpressed on breast cancer cells. The GNPs were prepared using two-step desolvation method and then the surface of GNPs was functionalised with activated heparin. They were characterised for surface morphology, particle size and size distribution, surface charge, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release.

Mannosylated liposomes bearing Amphotericin B for effective management of visceral Leishmaniasis.

The cationic and mannosylated liposomes were prepared using the cast film method and compared for their antileishmaniasis activity. The surface of the Amphotericin B (Amp B)-bearing cationic multilamellar liposomes was covalently coupled with p-aminophenyl-α-D-mannoside using glutaraldehyde as a coupling agent, which was confirmed by agglutination of the vesicles with concanavalin A. The prepared liposomes were characterized for shape, size, percent drug entrapment, vesicle count, zeta potential, and in vitro drug release.