Mediastinal hibernoma: An uncommon tumor.

Hibernoma is a rare tumor originating from fetal brown fat. Mediastinum is a very rare localization for the hibernoma. In this article, we present the clinical and radiological findings of a 46-year-old male patient with pleuritic chest pain.

The role of F-18 FDG PET/CT in differentiating benign from malignant pulmonary masses and accompanying lymph nodes.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of SUV and lesion size to differentiate benign and malignant lesions of the lung and accompanying mediastinal lymph node on F-18 FDG PET/CT imaging.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out on 100 patients with suspected lung cancer who were recommended for PET/CT scans for diagnosis and staging. The results of the SUV, lesion size and patient's age were compared with histopathology which was considered to be the 'gold standard' and sensitivity and specificity were calculated respectively.

Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx: A Confusing Diagnosis for the Pathologist and Clinician.

Laryngeal spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC) is an uncommon subtype of squamous cell carcinoma which represents 0.5% of all laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. It is a biphasic tumor consisting of the combination of a malignant mesenchymal spindle cell component and a squamous cell component that includes dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, or invasive carcinoma.

Rare congenital pulmonary malformation with diagnostic challenging: congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia, report of four autopsy cases and review of literature.

Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia (CPL) is a rare congenital disorder that typically presents with intractable respiratory failure in the first few days of life. There is an association non-immun hydrops and CPL. In this study we reviewed four CPL cases between January 2006 and January 2014 among 684 fetal-pediatric autopsies.

Effects of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury.

Purpose: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy is used in inflammatory diseases but the use of immunoglobulin as a treatment for acute lung injury (ALI) has not been previously studied. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of of ALI. Therefore we examined the levels of TGF-β and lung inflammation scores in IVIG treated ALI models.

Differential expression and activation of epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (EGFR1), ERK, AKT, STAT3, and TWIST1 in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death of both men and women across the world. Overexpression and activating mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor-1 (EGFR1) are frequently observed and associated with poor prognosis. To inhibit the function of EGFR1, multiple antibodies and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) that target EGFR1 have been developed.

Effect of atorvastatin on atherosclerotic plaque formation and platelet activation in hypercholesterolemic rats.

We aimed to investigate whether atorvastatin influenced the CD40-CD40L pathway in atherosclerosis formation in rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided among 4 groups as follows: control (C), statin (S), 5% cholesterol fed (HC), and statin-administered hypercholesterolemic (HCS). Serum levels of lipids, soluble CD40L, platelet factor 4, and interleukin-6 were assayed with commercial kits.

Clinical and pathologic prognostic factors that are influential in the survival and prognosis of lung adenocarcinomas and invasive predominant subtypes.

Therapeutic approaches to lung adenocarcinomas differ because of their heterogeneous morphologies, prognoses, and clinical features. For this reason, new histopathologic classifications for lung adenocarcinomas were done by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society to form subtypes with homogeneous prognoses. There are limited clinical data in the literature on the prognosis of the subgroups formed according to the new classification.

Metachronous malignant mesothelioma and pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

The prevalence of multiple primary malignant neoplasms in a single patient is reported in a wide variation. The co-existence of malignant mesothelioma and pulmonary carcinoma is a rare entity. Herein, we reported a 60-year-old man who was a retired employee and heavy smoker.

Measurements of tumor size using CT and PET compared to histopathological size in non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to compare the tumor sizes determined by maximum morphological computed tomography (CT) and functional positron emission tomography (PET) with the histopathological size to determine which method provides the best correlation with the histopathological size in lung carcinoma patients.

Materials And Methods: Forty lung carcinoma patients (39 males, one female) diagnosed histopathologically from surgical resection materials were included in this retrospective study. The mean age (±standard deviation, SD) of the patients was 67.

Tbx3 represses PTEN and is over-expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Despite advances in diagnostic and treatment strategies, head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) constitutes one of the worst cancer types in terms of prognosis. PTEN is one of the tumour suppressors whose expression and/or activity have been found to be reduced in HNSCC, with rather low rates of mutations within the PTEN gene (6-8%). We reasoned that low expression levels of PTEN might be due to a transcriptional repression governed by an oncogene.

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis with homozygous c.316G > C (p.G106R) mutation: a case report.

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is characterized by the presence of calcospherites in alveolar spaces. Sporadic cases are more common, but the disease also presents in an inherited familial form. The greatest number of reported cases is from Europe and especially Turkey.

Acute effects of vardenafil on pulmonary artery responsiveness in pulmonary hypertension.

Phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors are novel and important options for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Therefore, we aimed to examine effects of vardenafil, a PDE-5 inhibitor, on the pulmonary arteries isolated from rats with monocrotaline- (MCT-) induced pulmonary hypertension. MCT (60 mg/kg) or its vehicle was administered by a single intraperitoneal injection to 6-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats.

Bilateral tonsillar and esophageal Kaposi sarcoma in an HIV-negative patient.

Tonsillar involvement in Kaposi sarcoma is extremely rare, as only a few such cases have been reported; all but 1 of these previously reported cases occurred in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We describe what to the best of our knowledge is the first reported case of concurrent bilateral tonsillar and esophageal Kaposi sarcoma in an HIV-negative patient. A 68-year-old man presented with sore throat and dysphagia.

Diagnostic value of transbronchial needle aspiration cytology in sarcoidosis.

Objective: Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous inflammation that occurs as a result of disturbed immune regulation in individuals exposed to certain environmental agents. Although tissue sampling is considered the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, a medically treated disease, minimally invasive diagnostic methods are preferred instead of surgical tissue sampling. Transbronchial needle aspiration has been reported as an effective diagnostic method.

Evaluation of PTEN and Mcl-1 expressions in NSCLC expressing wild-type or mutated EGFR.

Signaling pathways activated by epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) are important in lung carcinogenesis. New treatment strategies with EGFR-targeting drugs provided improvements in management of lung cancer. However, molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to these drugs need to be evaluated.

DNA gains and losses of chromosome in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma using comparative genomic hybridization.

Purpose: A larynx squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most common forms of cancer and may exhibit various complex karyotypes.

Materials And Methods: We used comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to analyze DNA gains and losses in 15 squamous cell carcinomas that consisted of 4 glottic, 10 supraglottic, and 1 transglottic localization samples.

Results: The majority of the chromosomal alterations detected were gains: 3 samples of LSCCs revealed high level amplification, while 6 samples displayed gains in various chromosomal regions (17p, 3p, 4p, 5p, 6q, 8p, 9p, 14q, 18p and Xq).

Giant cystic chondroid hamartoma of the lung.

Pulmonary hamartoma composed of an abnormal mixture of mesenchymal elements is the most common benign neoplasm in the lung. Pulmonary hamartoma larger than 10 cm and the cystic variant are also very rare. We describe an asymptomatic 11-year-old boy with a huge mass in the right hemithorax.

Vascular endothelial growth factor expression and neovascularization in non--small cell lung carcinoma.

The prognostic significance of microvascular density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were investigated in 15 patients with adenocarcinoma (AC) and 15 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Immunohistochemically, VEGF and factor VIII were applied. The average microvessel counts were given as MVD, and VEGF expression was given as VEGF percentage area and VEGF staining degree.

Cutaneous rhinosporidiosis presents with recurrent nasal philtrum mass in southern Turkey.

We report a case of cutaneous rhinosporidiosis localized in the nasal philtrum. The patient's complaints started 3 months prior to being seen in our clinics. Ear, nose, and throat examination showed the presence of a polypoid lesion filling the right nostril.

Oral-facial digital syndrome type 1.

The oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 is characterized by following abnormalities: pseudocleft of the upper lip, tongue lobulation, hamartomata on the tongue, alveolar frenulae, and clefting of the soft palate. We report a 9-month-old girl who was referred to our clinic due to facial dysmorphology in addition to cleft palate and multiple masses on the tongue which resulted in feeding problems. Surgical intervention was done.

Expression of PTEN protein in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10), also referred to as MMAC1 (mutated in multiple advanced cancers) gene was recently identified as a putative tumor suppressor in a variety of malignant tumors. PTEN expression has been investigated in some squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of head and neck. However, there is only little knowledge about laryngeal malignancies.