Asymmetric fluctuations and self-folding of active interfaces.

We study the structure and dynamics of the interface separating a passive fluid from a microtubule-based active fluid. Turbulent-like active flows power giant interfacial fluctuations, which exhibit pronounced asymmetry between regions of positive and negative curvature. Experiments, numerical simulations, and theoretical arguments reveal how the interface breaks up the spatial symmetry of the fundamental bend instability to generate local vortical flows that lead to asymmetric interface fluctuations.

Biofilm battleground: Unveiling the hidden challenges, current approaches and future perspectives in combating biofilm associated bacterial infections.

A biofilm is a complex aggregation of microorganisms, either of the same or different species, that adhere to a surface and are encased in an extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix. Quorum sensing (QS) and biofilm formation are closely linked, as QS genes regulate the development, maturation, and breakdown of biofilms. Inhibiting QS can be utilized as an effective approach to combat the impacts of biofilm infection.

Integrated neural network and PSO hybrid approach for production of citrulline using immobilized permeabilized Pseudomonas furukawaii.

In the present study, nutraceutical citrulline was produced using immobilization of permeabilized whole cells of Pseudomonas furukawaii, an efficient producer of ADI. Since arginine deiminase (ADI) is intracellularly localized, various additives such as SDS (Sodium dodecyl sulfate), Triton X-100, and EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid) were used to permeabilize the cell to improve substrate accessibility and ADI activity. The maximum ADI activity was observed with 0.

Hybrid magnetic nanocomposites of arginine deiminase with improved stability and recyclability for biomedical applications.

Nanocarrier-based immobilization has created new avenues for enhancing the biophysical properties of enzymes. Nanomatrices such as magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs), chitin, and chitosan with large surface areas and tunable morphology have been developed to circumvent the bottlenecks of free enzymes. The present study used MNPs to immobilize the enzyme arginine deiminase (ADI) for improved morphological control, recovery, operational stability, and easy recyclability.

The Dawn till Dusk of phytopharmaceuticals.

Herbal products and their formulations have a large market at the global level. A significant portion of the worldwide population relies upon herbal treatment. Their apparent non-toxic and cost-effective nature appeals to the population and drives researchers to pursue them for drug development.

Traveling waves at the surface of active liquid crystals.

Active liquid crystals exert nonequilibrium stresses on their surroundings through constant consumption of energy, giving rise to dynamical steady states not present in equilibrium. The paradigmatic example of an active liquid crystal is a suspension of microtubule bundles powered by kinesin motor proteins, which exhibits self-sustained spatiotemporal chaotic flows. This system has been modelled using continuum theories that couple the microtubule orientation to active flows.

A European Bioanalysis Forum recommendation for requiring a context-of-use statement for successful development and validation of biomarker assays.

The European Bioanalysis Forum, alongside key industry stakeholders, has been driving the discussions around the implementation of context-of use for biomarker assays to ensure that these assays are validated appropriately depending on their purpose. Insights into understanding why the implementation of context-of-use in assay strategies has also shown that the key stakeholder, or requester for the biomarker data, is responsible for providing the context-of-use statement for all biomarker assay requests. Experts from across the industry haves repeatedly sought a cross-industry recommended format in which the context-of-use statement could be provided.

Restriction modification systems in archaea: A panoramic outlook.

Restriction modification (RM) systems are one of the ubiquitous yet primitive defense responses employed by bacteria and archaea with the primary role of safeguarding themselves against invading bacteriophages. Protection of the host occurs by the cleavage of the invading foreign DNA via restriction endonucleases with concomitant methylation of host DNA with the aid of a methyltransferase counterpart. RM systems have been extensively studied in bacteria, however, in the case of archaea there are limited reports of RM enzymes that are investigated to date owing to their inhospitable growth demands.

Comparative Assessment of Herbal Mouthwash with Chlorhexidine on Plaque Accumulation, Gingivitis, and Salivary Growth.

Objectives: The goal of the current study was to assess the effectiveness of a commercially available herbal mouthwash with chlorhexidine on the number of Streptococcus mutans in the saliva, the condition of the gingival tissue, and plaque development.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-two adults in all, ranging in age from 20 to 30, were divided into two groups at random. Throughout the 14-day clinical trial, Group A (11) and Group B (11) received 10 mL of test herbal mouthwash and chlorhexidine, respectively.

Efficacy of Aloe Vera, Amlexanox (5%), and Triamcinolone Acetonide (0.1%) in the Management of Oral Lichen Planus.

Objective: This research assessed the efficiencies of aloe vera, 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide, and 5% amlexanox in the management of OLP.

Materials And Methods: A total of 120 participants diagnosed with oral lichen planus (OLP) were equally divided into three groups and treated with: aloe vera, (Group A), 0.

Desmoplastic Melanoma of the Chest Wall: a Diagnostic Dilemma.

Desmoplastic melanoma is an extremely rare subtype of malignant melanoma comprising only 1% of all the cutaneous melanomas. Being amelanotic and owing to its histopathological features of spindle cells lying in a collagenized stroma, it is often misdiagnosed as a dermatofibroma or scar tissue. The present case study describes a case of desmoplastic melanoma of the chest wall where the final diagnosis could be arrived at only after an extensive immunohistochemical panel to exclude other spindle cell proliferations.

The Crucial Role of Molecular Biology in Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review.

Molecular biology shines a light of hope amid the complex terrain of cancer, bringing revolutionary approaches to cancer treatment. Instead of providing a synopsis, this review presents an engaging story that sheds light on the genetic nuances controlling the course of cancer. This review goes beyond just listing genetic alterations to examine the complex interactions that lead to oncogene activation, exploring particular triggers such as viral infections or proto-oncogene mutations.

Nano-modified screen-printed electrode-based electrochemical immunosensors for oral cancer biomarker detection in undiluted human serum and saliva samples.

This proposed work reports the development of in-house made conductive ink-based screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) for label-free detection of oral cancer biomarkers. Carbon ink synthesis includes graphite powder, gum arabic, and water. The selectivity test of the fabricated SPE involves immobilizing antibodies specific to biomarkers and challenges with redox-active interference, other serum molecules, and non-target biomarkers.

Repurposing albendazole as a potent inhibitor of quorum sensing-regulated virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Novel prospects of a classical drug.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as a critical superbug that poses a serious threat to public health. Owing to its virulence and multidrug resistance profiles, the pathogen demands immediate attention for devising alternate intervention strategies. In an attempt to repurpose drugs against P.

A randomized, double-blind phase 1b study evaluating the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the NLRP3 inhibitor selnoflast in patients with moderate to severe active ulcerative colitis.

Background: The NLRP3 inflammasome drives release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and is a potential target for ulcerative colitis (UC). Selnoflast (RO7486967) is an orally active, potent, selective and reversible small molecule NLRP3 inhibitor. We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 1b study to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of selnoflast.

Secondary prevention by structured semi-interactive stroke prevention package in INDIA (SPRINT INDIA): Findings from the process evaluation of a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Secondary Prevention by Structured Semi-Interactive Stroke Prevention Package in INDIA Trial delivered secondary stroke awareness intervention to sub-acute stroke patients in form of workbook, videos and SMS across 31 centres in 12 languages. Trial was stopped for futility due to fewer vascular outcomes than anticipated. Trial results indicated that trial intervention, did not lead to reduction in vascular events.

Anti-virulence prospects of Metformin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A new dimension to a multifaceted drug.

Metformin (MeT) is an FDA-approved drug with a myriad of health benefits. Besides being used as an anti-diabetic drug, MeT is also effective against various cancers, liver-, cardiovascular-, and renal diseases. This study was undertaken to examine its unique potential as an anti-virulence drug against an opportunistic bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The extremophile carries a DNA adenine methylase M.PtoI that is part of a Type I restriction-modification system.

DNA methylation events mediated by orphan methyltransferases modulate various cellular processes like replication, repair and transcription. Bacteria and archaea also harbor DNA methyltransferases that are part of restriction-modification systems, which serve to protect the host genome from being cleaved by the cognate restriction enzyme. While DNA methylation has been exhaustively investigated in bacteria it remains poorly understood in archaea.

Correction: DNA replication protein Cdc45 directly interacts with PCNA via its PIP box in Leishmania donovani and the Cdc45 PIP box is essential for cell survival.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.

Deep Learning-Based Wrist Vascular Biometric Recognition.

The need for contactless vascular biometric systems has significantly increased. In recent years, deep learning has proven to be efficient for vein segmentation and matching. Palm and finger vein biometrics are well researched; however, research on wrist vein biometrics is limited.

Voluntary exercise modulates pathways associated with amelioration of retinal degenerative diseases.

Exercise has been shown to promote a healthier and longer life and linked to a reduced risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases including retinal degenerations. However, the molecular pathways underpinning exercise-induced cellular protection are not well understood. In this work we aim to profile the molecular changes underlying exercise-induced retinal protection and investigate how exercise-induced inflammatory pathway modulation may slow the progression of retinal degenerations.