The effects of water content and fracture angle on rock creep and crack behavior under impact conditions.

Deep mining rock masses often contain numerous fractures and significant water content, making them highly susceptible to instability and failure under external disturbances such as mining and blasting. This study investigates the effects of water content and fracture angle on the creep behavior and crack evolution of sandstone. Uniaxial compression and creep disturbance experiments were conducted on sandstone samples with varying fracture angles (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°) and water contents (0%, 50%, 100%), with DIC-2D technology employed to monitor failure modes and crack propagation.