Antennal Transcriptome Evaluation and Analysis for Odorant-Binding Proteins, Chemosensory Proteins, and Suitable Reference Genes in the Leaf Beetle Pest Weise (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

Weise is one of the dominant pests feeding on spp., a pioneer plant used for windbreaking and sand fixation purposes, and poses a threat to local livestock and ecosystems. To clarify the key olfactory genes of and provide a theoretical basis for attractant and repellent development, the optimal reference genes under two different conditions (tissue and sex) were identified, and the bioinformatics and characterization of the tissue expression profiles of two categories of soluble olfactory proteins (OBPs and CSPs) were investigated.

Changes in the Range of Four Advantageous Grasshopper Habitats in the Hexi Corridor under Future Climate Conditions.

(Fischer et Walheim), (Ikonnikov), (Zubowsky), and (Bey-Bienko) are the main grasshoppers that harm the natural grassland in the Hexi Corridor in Gansu, northwest China. In this study, the MaxEnt model was employed to identify the key environmental factors affecting the distribution of the four grasshoppers' habitats and to assess their distribution under current and future climate conditions. The aim was to provide a basis for grasshopper monitoring, prediction, and precise control.

Occurrence, Distribution, and Transmission of Alfalfa Viruses in China.

Alfalfa ( L.) is one of the most important quality forages worldwide and is cultivated throughout China. Alfalfa is susceptible to a variety of viral diseases during its growth, which has caused huge amounts of commercial losses.

A new brood-pollination mutualism between Stellera chamaejasme and flower thrips Frankliniella intonsa.

Background: Brood pollination mutualism is a special type of plant-pollinator interaction in which adult insects pollinate plants, and the plants provide breeding sites for the insects as a reward. To manifest such a mutualism between Stellera chamaejasme and flower thrips of Frankliniella intonsa, the study tested the mutualistic association of the thrips life cycle with the plant flowering phenology and determined the pollination effectiveness of adult thrips and their relative contribution to the host's fitness by experimental pollinator manipulation.

Results: The adult thrips of F.

RNA-seq reveals plant virus composition and diversity in alfalfa, thrips, and aphids in Beijing, China.

Viruses are widespread in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), representing a key limitation to the production of this important forage plant. Understanding the diversity of plant viruses in alfalfa and their potential vectors will play an important role in management to minimize the emergence, transmission, and impact of viruses.

On hybrid stochastic population models with impulsive perturbations.

This paper considers the dynamic behaviours of a hybrid stochastic population model with impulsive perturbations. The existence of the global positive solution is studied in this paper. Moreover, under some conditions on the noises and impulsive perturbations, the properties of the persistence and extinction, stochastic permanence, global attractivity and stability in distribution are presented.

Probing cleavage promiscuity of heparinase III towards chemoenzymatically synthetic heparan sulfate oligosaccharides.

An insightful investigation into specificity of bacterial heparinase III has been intriguingly difficult due to heterogeneity of polymeric substrates. Herein, we chemoenzymatically synthesized a tailored library of HS oligosaccharides as substrates. A ∼15-fold reactivity difference to heparinase III was found between trisaccharides bearing different primary cleavage sites.

Simultaneous analysis of heparosan oligosaccharides by isocratic liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detection/mass spectrometry.

Uncovering the biological roles of heparosan oligosaccharides requires a simple and robust method for their separation and identification. We reported on systematic investigations of the retention behaviors of synthetic heparosan oligosaccharides on porous graphitic carbon (PGC) column by HPLC with charged aerosol detection. Oligosaccharides were strongly retained by PGC material in water-acetonitrile mobile phase, and eluted by trifluoroacetic acid occurring as narrow peaks.

[Changes of phenols and lignin contents in alfalfa leaf damaged by Odontothrips loti].

In order to investigate the changes of secondary metabolites content of alfalfa induced by thrips Odontothrips loti damaging, two alfalfa strains, one resistant to thrips (R-1) and the other susceptible to thrips (I-1) , were chosen to measure the phenols and lignin contents of alfalfa leaves under infestation with thrips at different densities (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 thrips x branch(-1), and 0 thrip x branch(-1) as control). After infestation 7 days, the polyphenols, tannin and condensed tannin contents increased in both leaves of R-l and I-i with the increasing thrips density, the simple phenols content had no significant difference, while the lignin content increased significantly compared with the control. After infestation 14 days, the polyphenols, tannin, condensed tannin and lignin contents in both leaves of R-1 and I-1 increased obviously with the increasing thrips density, while the simple phenols content had no significant difference.