Resting-state microstate dynamics abnormalities in children with ADHD and co-occurring sleep problems.

Objectives: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder often experience sleep problems, exacerbating symptoms, and cognitive deficits. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying such deficits remained unclear. This study aims to use resting-state microstate analysis to investigate the neurophysiological characteristics in children with ADHD and sleep problems and explore whether neurophysiological abnormalities are associated with sleep problems.

A Novel Brain Network Analysis Method for Pediatric ADHD Using RFE-GA Feature Selection Strategy.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent childhood disorder, and related research has been increasing in recent years. However, it remains a challenging issue to accurately identify individuals with ADHD. The research proposes a method for ADHD detection using Recursive Feature Elimination-Genetic Algorithm (RFE-GA) for the feature selection of EEG data.

Microstate dynamics and spectral components as markers of persistent and remittent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Objective: We leveraged microstate characteristics and power features to examine temporal and spectral deviations underlying persistent and remittent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: 50 young adults with childhood ADHD (28 persisters, 22 remitters) and 28 demographically similar healthy controls (HC) were compared on microstates features and frequency principal components (f-PCs) of eye-closed resting state. Support vector machine model with sequential forward selection (SVM-SFS) was utilized to discriminate three groups.

Eye movement indices as predictors of conversion to psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk.

Eye movement abnormalities have been established as an "endophenotype" of schizophrenia. However, less is known about the possibility of these abnormalities as biomarkers for psychosis conversion among clinical high risk (CHR) populations. In the present study, 108 CHR individuals and 70 healthy controls (HC) underwent clinical assessments and eye-tracking tests, comprising fixation stability and free-viewing tasks.

Antipsychotic prescription, assumption and conversion to psychosis: resolving missing clinical links to optimize prevention through precision.

The current concept of clinical high-risk(CHR) of psychosis relies heavily on "below-threshold" (i.e. attenuated or limited and intermittent) psychotic positive phenomena as predictors of the risk for future progression to "above-threshold" positive symptoms (aka "transition" or "conversion").

Automatic auditory processing features in distinct subtypes of patients at clinical high risk for psychosis: Forecasting remission with mismatch negativity.

Individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis exhibit a compromised mismatch negativity (MMN) response, which indicates dysfunction of pre-attentive deviance processing. Event-related potential and time-frequency (TF) information, in combination with clinical and cognitive profiles, may provide insight into the pathophysiology and psychopathology of the CHR stage and predict the prognosis of CHR individuals. A total of 92 individuals with CHR were recruited and followed up regularly for up to 3 years.

Replication of the abnormal niacin response in first episode psychosis measured using laser Doppler flowmeter.

Introduction: Impaired sensitivity of the skin flush response to niacin is found in approximately 30% of patients with schizophrenia. Although the niacin response abnormality (NRA) may serve as a useful endophenotype for schizophrenia, few studies have directly replicated NRA in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP).

Methods: In total, 204 patients with FEP, 16 with psychotic mood disorder (PMD), and 68 healthy controls (HC) were included.

Attenuated niacin-induced skin flush response in individuals with clinical high risk for psychosis.

Background: Impaired sensitivity of the skin flush response to niacin is one of the most replicated findings in patients with schizophrenia. However, prior studies have usually focused on postonset psychosis, and little is known about the clinical high-risk (CHR) phase of niacin sensitivity in psychosis.

Aims: To profile and compare the niacin flush response among CHR individuals (converters and non-converters), patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and healthy controls (HCs).

Abnormal neural oscillations in clinical high risk for psychosis: a magnetoencephalography method study.

Background: Neural oscillations directly reflect the rhythmic changes of brain activities during the resting state or while performing specific tasks. Abnormal neural oscillations have been discovered in patients with schizophrenia. However, there is limited evidence available on abnormal spontaneous neural oscillations in clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P).

Antipsychotic Exposure in Clinical High Risk of Psychosis: Empirical Insights From a Large Cohort Study.

Current treatment guidelines for individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis do not recommend the prescription of antipsychotics (not even second-generation ones) as the first treatment option for preventing psychosis. Yet, recent meta-analytic evidence indicates that antipsychotic exposure in CHR is relatively widespread and associated with a higher imminent risk of transition to psychosis. Therefore, we undertook this study to better delineate which clinical characteristics of CHR individuals may lead to the choice of antipsychotic prescription and whether it identifies a subgroup at higher risk for conversion to psychosis.

Temporal and time-frequency features of auditory oddball response in distinct subtypes of patients at clinical high risk for psychosis.

Individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis exhibit a reduced P300 oddball response, which indicates deficits in attention and working memory processes. Previous studies have mainly researched these responses in the temporal domain; hence, non-phase-locked or induced neural activities may have been ignored. Event-related potential (ERP) and time-frequency (TF) information, combined with clinical and cognitive profiles, may provide an insight into the pathophysiology and psychopathology of the CHR stage.

A potential objective marker in first-episode schizophrenia based on abnormal niacin response.

The lack of objective diagnostic markers has long been a challenge in the clinical management of schizophrenia (SZ). The current bivariate cut-offs method is an objective quantification of niacin skin flush abnormality (NFA) for identifying the SZ subgroup. However, the sensitivity of approximately 30% limits the application of NFA as a marker for detecting SZ.

Application of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients with Scrub Typhus Complicated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

A 68-year-old woman was diagnosed with scrub typhus and acute pneumonia. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurred on day 4 after admission and was treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). After 7 days of ECMO assistance, her respiratory condition gradually improved, and ECMO was removed.

Conversion to psychosis in adolescents and adults: similar proportions, different predictors.

Background: Age effects may be important for improving models for the prediction of conversion to psychosis for individuals in the clinical high risk (CHR) state. This study aimed to explore whether adolescent CHR individuals (ages 9-17 years) differ significantly from adult CHR individuals (ages 18-45 years) in terms of conversion rates and predictors.

Method: Consecutive CHR individuals ( = 517) were assessed for demographic and clinical characteristics and followed up for 3 years.

Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Antipsychotics in Individuals at Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis: Study Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study (ShangHai at Risk for Psychosis-Phase 2).

Background: The clinical high-risk (CHR) state is identified as a critical period for early prevention and intervention during the development of psychosis and early treatment may reduce the risk of conversion to psychosis. However, it remains controversial whether antipsychotics are effective in CHR populations. Limited previous randomised controlled trials of antipsychotic treatment of CHR individuals indicated possible short-term efficacy on psychotic symptoms with unclear long-term effects.

Surface-modified anodic aluminum oxide membrane with hydroxyethyl celluloses as a matrix for bilirubin removal.

Microporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes were modified by 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane to produce terminal epoxy groups. These were used to covalently link hydroxyethyl celluloses (HEC) to amplify reactive groups of AAO membrane. The hydroxyl groups of HEC-AAO composite membrane were further modified with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether to link arginine as an affinity ligand.

Multifunctional ZnPc-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles for enhancement of photodynamic therapy efficacy by endolysosomal escape.

The cellular uptake and localization of photosensitizer-loaded nanoparticles have significant impact on photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy due to short lifetime and limited action radius of singlet oxygen. Herein, we develop poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)- and polyethylenimine (PEI)-functionalized zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc)-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), which are able to distribute in the cytosol by endolysosomal escape. In this photosensitizer-carrier system (PEG-PEI-MSNs/ZnPc), ZnPc is a PDT agent; MSNs are the nanocarrier for encapsulating ZnPc; PEI facilitates endosomal escape; and PEG enhances biocompatibility.

[The epidemiologic and virological analysis of an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Inner Mongolia in 2007].

In 2007, an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) occurred in Jungar Banner, Erdos city, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China Fever, vesicular exanthema on the hands, feet, mouth, and buttocks were presented in most of the patients. Most of the patients were infants less than 5 years old, and an obvious peak period appeared in the disease outbreak. From 28 hospitalized patients, 23 stool specimens and 6 throat swab specimens were collected for enterovirus isolation, and 15 enteroviruses were isolated, 9 were identified as Human Enterovirus 71 (HEV71, the isolation rate is 31.