The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Visual Acuity Changes in Schoolchildren: A One-Year Follow-Up.

(1) Background: Visual acuity (VA) is essential for children's quality of life, and its relationship with socioeconomic status (SES) highlights disparities in healthcare. This study investigated the influence of SES on changes in schoolchildren's VA over one year. (2) Methods: Initial examinations were conducted on 1822 children (8-10 years).

Relationship between socioeconomic status and myopia in school children: CISViT project.

Purpose: Evidence indicates the existence of an association between socioeconomic status (SES) and the prevalence of myopia in the adult population. In contrast, there are limited studies investigating this association in children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the presence of myopia in 8-year-old children from southern Europe and SES defined as parental educational level and employment status.

Precision and agreement of axial length in paediatric population measured with MYAH and AL-Scan biometers.

Clinical Relevance: Measuring axial length is key in the field of myopia development and control. Hence, the precision and agreement of commercially available biometers is of vital interest to understand their variability and interchangeability in the paediatric population.

Background: Different biometers are available to measure axial length and monitor myopia progression in clinical practice.

Children's visual impairment and visual care related to socioeconomic status in Catalonia (Spain).

Background: The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of visual impairment and visual care practices and its association with socioeconomic conditions in the infant population in Catalonia.

Methods: The Catalan Institute of Statistics provided a random sample of 0 to 14-year-old non-institutionalized children whose parents were interviewed in a continuous health survey from 2011 to 2015 in Catalonia. A multistage stratified and random sampling procedure considering age, sex, county and town was followed.

Why are there gender inequalities in visual impairment?

Background: In high-income countries, the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment is higher among women, regardless of age although the mechanisms that produce these gender inequalities are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to analyse gender inequalities in the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment, age of onset, diagnosed and undiagnosed status and related eye diseases among visually impaired individuals.

Methods: Data were obtained from the 2008 Spanish Survey on 'Disability, Personal Autonomy and Dependency Situations' (n = 213 626) participants 360 blind (160 men and 200 women), and 5560 with some visual impairment (2025 men and 3535 women).

Prevalence of visual impairment in El Salvador: inequalities in educational level and occupational status.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of blindness, visual impairment, and related eye diseases and conditions among adults in El Salvador, and to explore socioeconomic inequalities in their prevalence by education level and occupational status, stratified by sex.

Methods: Based upon the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) methodology, this nationwide sample comprised 3 800 participants (3 399 examined) ≥ 50 years old from 76 randomly selected clusters of 50 persons each. The prevalence of blindness, visual impairment and related eye diseases and conditions, including uncorrected refractive error (URE), was calculated for categories of education level and occupational status.

Visual correction and occupational social class.

Purpose: To determine whether types of optical correction for refractive error are associated with sex, social class, and occupational group in the working population.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among employees in Catalonia (Spain) aged 16 to 65 years who underwent the Asepeyo Prevention Society health examination in 2009 (86,831 participants: 59,397 men and 27,421 women). The type and purpose of refractive correction used were self-reported, as were sociodemographic variables; visual acuity with habitual correction was also measured.

Visual impairment and blindness in spanish adults: geographic inequalities are not explained by age or education.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine for the first time the prevalence of visual impairment and blindness among adults in Spain, to explore regional differences, and to assess whether they may vary as a function of sex or be explained by age and individual or regional socioeconomic position.

Design: Data were obtained from the 2008 Spanish Survey on Disability, Personal Autonomy, and Dependency Situations, a cross-sectional survey based on a representative sample of the noninstitutionalized population of Spain.

Participants: The sample was composed of 213 626 participants aged ≥15 years (103 093 men and 110 533 women); 360 were blind (160 men and 200 women), 4048 had near visual impairment (1397 men and 2651 women), and 4034 had distance visual impairment (1445 men and 2589 women).

[Prevalence and burden of visual impairment in Catalonia, Spain].

The aim of this work is to determine the prevalence of visual impairment in Catalonia and analyze inequalities in vision. Cross sectional study in the population having ≥ 15 years of age (7,881 men and 8,045 women) based on data from the Encuesta de Salud de Cataluña 2006. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio by age, civil state, level of studies, income and working situation with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%.