Converting multiple hydrophobic aromatic plastic monomers into a single water-soluble substrate to increase bioavailability for the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates by bacteria using batch, fed batch and continuous cultivation.

We demonstrate the proof of concept of increasing the bioavailability of carbon substrates, derived from plastic waste, for their conversion to the biodegradable polymer polyhydroxyalkanoate [PHA] by bacteria and test various approaches to PHA accumulation through batch, fed batch and continuous culture. Styrene, ethylbenzene, and toluene are produced from the pyrolysis of mixed plastic waste (Kaminsky, 2021; Miandad et al., 2017), but they are volatile and poorly soluble in water making them difficult to work with in aqueous fermentation systems.

Synthesis and Application of Chiral 2-Amido and 1-Phenyl-2-amido Dienes in Diels-Alder Reactions to Access Chiral Cyclic Ketones.

The preparation of a focused library of chiral 2-amido and 2-amido-1-phenyl-1,3-dienes from a range of chiral oxazolidinones using palladium-catalysis is reported. This palladium-catalyzed carbon-nitrogen bond-forming reaction provides the corresponding chiral amido-dienes in moderate to excellent yields (12 examples, up to 97%). The resulting chiral amido-dienes are employed as novel dienes in Diels-Alder (DA) reactions (58 examples, up to 93:7 dr, up to 70% yield).

Enantioselective Organozinc Addition to Aldehydes Using Planar Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane-Imidazoline N,O-Ligands.

We present an improved and convenient synthesis of [2.2]paracyclophane-imidazoline N,O-ligands with central and planar chirality in seven steps starting from [2.2]paracyclophane.

Treatment with lipoxin A 4 improves influenza A infection outcome through macrophage reprogramming, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolutive responses.

Objective And Design: Here, we evaluated whether a synthetic lipoxin mimetic, designated AT-01-KG, would improve the course of influenza A infection in a murine model.

Treatment: Mice were infected with influenza A/H1N1 and treated with AT-01-KG (1.7 mg/kg/day, i.

Zn(II)-catalyzed asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddition of acyclic enones with azomethine ylides.

The Zn(II)/UCD-Imphanol-catalyzed highly -selective [3 + 2] asymmetric cycloaddition of acyclic enones and azomethine ylides has been developed. Moderate to high yields (up to 94%) with excellent / selectivities (99 : 1) and enantioselectivities up to 96.5 : 3.

Advances in the Chemistry and Biology of Specialised Pro-Resolving Mediators (SPMs).

This review article assembles key recent advances in the synthetic chemistry and biology of specialised pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). The major medicinal chemistry developments in the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of synthetic SPM analogues of lipoxins and resolvins have been discussed. These include variations in the top and bottom chains, as well as changes to the triene core, of lipoxins, all changes intended to enhance the metabolic stability whilst retaining or improving biological activity.

Asymmetric Synthesis of Quaternary α-Aryl Stereocentres in Benzofuran-3(2H)-Ones Using Decarboxylative Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation.

The Pd-catalysed decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation (DAAA) has been applied to the enantioselective synthesis of sterically hindered benzofuran-3(2H)-one-derived α-aryl-β-keto esters employing the (R,R)-ANDEN phenyl Trost ligand. A range of substrates were synthesised, employing previously developed aryllead triacetate methodology to install various aryl groups. The resulting α-aryl-α-allyl benzofuran-3(2H)-one DAAA products were obtained in moderate to high yields and in enantioselectivities of up to 96 % ee, with the best results observed for substrates containing a di-ortho-substitution pattern on the aryl ring as well as naphthyl-containing substrates.

Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed Alkynylation of Quinolones Using Chiral P,N Ligands.

Herein we report a catalytic enantioselective alkynylation of quinolones. In this reaction, quinolones are silylated to form a quinolinium ion which then undergoes an enantioselective attack by a copper acetylide, templated by (,,)-UCD-Phim. This gives alkynylated products (24 examples) in yields of up to 92% and enantioselectivities of up to 97%.

A general synthesis of aromatic and heteroaromatic lipoxin B analogues.

Lipoxins are an important class of pro-resolving mediators that play a crucial role in the resolution of inflammation. Thus, the synthesis of more chemically and metabolically stable synthetic lipoxin analogues is an area of significant interest. Whereas synthetic analogues of lipoxin A (LXA) have been well studied, analogues of lipoxin B (LXB) have been the focus of considerably less attention.

Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Bismacycles via Post-Transmetallation Modification of Arylboronic Acids.

Bismacycles featuring a sulfone-bridged scaffold have recently been developed as versatile and convenient electrophilic arylating agents. Here, we report that the exocyclic aryl group, which is ultimately transferred to a nucleophilic coupling partner, can be functionalized through cross-coupling, heteroatom substitutions, oxidations and reductions, and protecting group manipulations. This "postsynthetic modification" approach provides concise and divergent access to complex aryl bismacycles.

Lipoxin Mimetics and the Resolution of Inflammation.

Inflammation and its timely resolution are critical to ensure effective host defense and appropriate tissue repair after injury and or infection. Chronic, unresolved inflammation typifies many prevalent pathologies. The key mediators that initiate and drive the inflammatory response are well defined and targeted by conventional anti-inflammatory therapeutics.

Design and Synthesis of a Ferrocene-Based Diol Library and Application in the Hetero-Diels-Alder Reaction.

Diol scaffolds have been utilized as highly effective catalysts and ligands in a wide range of catalytic asymmetric transformations. For scaffolds to be successful as broadly used motifs, they should be prepared cheaply through facile routes and be easily handled. Herein, the synthesis of a family of planar chiral diols based on a modular and robust three-step route is described, which yields catalytically active diols in >99 % de and >99 % ee, with up to seven different chiral elements.

Design and Synthesis of Pyrrolidinyl Ferrocene-Containing Ligands and Their Application in Highly Enantioselective Rhodium-Catalyzed Olefin Hydrogenation.

Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a series of chiral pyrrolidine-substituted ferrocene-derived ligands. The proficiency of this novel structural motif was demonstrated in the Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of dehydroamino acid esters and α-aryl enamides. The products were obtained with full conversions and excellent levels of enantioselectivities of up to >99.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-Containing Aromatic Lipoxin A Analogues.

Lipoxins are important drivers of inflammation resolution, suggesting a potential therapeutic benefit. Bicyclo[1.1.

Zinc-Catalyzed Enantioselective [3+2] Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides Using Planar Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane-Imidazoline N,O-ligands.

We present a facile synthetic route toward a novel series of imidazolinyl-[2.2]paracyclophanol (UCD-Imphanol) ligands possessing central and planar chirality. Both sets of diastereomeric ligands were successfully purified by column chromatography.

Investigation of the Anti-Methicillin-Resistant Activity of (+)-Tanikolide- and (+)-Malyngolide-Based Analogues Prepared by Asymmetric Synthesis.

Herein, we report antibacterial and antifungal evaluation of a series of previously prepared (+)-tanikolide analogues. One analogue, (4,6)-4-methyltanikolide, displayed promising anti-methicillin-resistant activity with a MIC of 12.5 µg/mL.

Asymmetric Synthesis and Biological Screening of Quinoxaline-Containing Synthetic Lipoxin A Mimetics (QNX-sLXms).

Failure to resolve inflammation underlies many prevalent pathologies. Recent insights have identified lipid mediators, typified by lipoxins (LXs), as drivers of inflammation resolution, suggesting potential therapeutic benefit. We report the asymmetric preparation of novel quinoxaline-containing synthetic-LXA-mimetics (QNX-sLXms).

Further Developments and Applications of Oxazoline-Containing Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis.

The chiral oxazoline motif is present in many ligands that have been extensively applied in a series of important metal-catalyzed enantioselective reactions. This Review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the most significant applications of oxazoline-containing ligands reported in the literature starting from 2009 until the end of 2018. The ligands are classified not by the reaction to which their metal complexes have been applied but by the nature of the denticity, chirality, and donor atoms involved.

Recent Advances in Enantioselective Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution: From Design to Applications.

This Review compiles the evolution, mechanistic understanding, and more recent advances in enantioselective Pd-catalyzed allylic substitution and decarboxylative and oxidative allylic substitutions. For each reaction, the catalytic data, as well as examples of their application to the synthesis of more complex molecules, are collected. Sections in which we discuss key mechanistic aspects for high selectivity and a comparison with other metals (with advantages and disadvantages) are also included.

Catalytic asymmetric transformations of oxa- and azabicyclic alkenes.

Oxa- and azabicyclic alkenes can be readily activated by transition-metal complexes with facial selectivity, because of the intrinsic reactivity of strained bicyclic structures. Synthetically, these compounds are important synthons that offer an important platform for the construction of biologically/medicinally significant compounds with two or more stereocenters. This Review comprehensively compiles the diverse catalytic processes involving the enantioselective transformations of oxa- and azabicyclic alkenes.

Therapeutic potential of the FPR2/ALX agonist AT-01-KG in the resolution of articular inflammation.

The resolution of inflammation is a dynamic process, characterized by the biosynthesis of pro-resolving mediators, including the lipid Lipoxin A4 (LXA). LXA acts on the N-formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2/ALX) to mediate anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effects. In order to exploit the therapeutic potential of endogenous LXA in the context of inflammation we have recently developed synthetic LXA mimetics (sLXms) including a dimethyl-imidazole-containing FPR2/ALX agonist designated AT-01-KG.

Correction: Recent developments in the synthesis and applications of chiral ferrocene ligands and organocatalysts in asymmetric catalysis.

Correction for 'Recent developments in the synthesis and applications of chiral ferrocene ligands and organocatalysts in asymmetric catalysis' by Laura Cunningham et al., Org. Biomol.