A New Licensed Quadrivalent Antileptospiral Canine Vaccine Prevents Mortality, Clinical Signs, Infection, Bacterial Excretion, Renal Carriage and Renal Lesions Caused by Australis Experimental Challenge.

Background: Australis is one of the most prevalent strains infecting dogs, leading, in natural conditions, to severe life-threatening cases.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the onset and duration of immunity (OOI and DOI) induced by a new licensed quadrivalent antileptospiral vaccine (EURICAN L4) including four components (Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa and Australis) against Australis. To this end, a severe Australis challenge model was developed, using a canine strain recently isolated from the field.

Comparison of the local safety of two multi-component feline vaccines, adjuvanted (1 mL) versus non-adjuvanted at reduced volume (0.5 mL), using computed tomography imaging.

In 2020, a new 0.5 mL presentation of PUREVAX® RCP FeLV was registered and introduced in Europe. The objectives of this study were to investigate the local safety of this non-adjuvanted vaccine at reduced volume by classical methods (clinical examination, histopathology) and to evaluate the suitability of an alternative non-invasive methodology, the computed tomography (CT).

Relationship between diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and fragility vertebral fracture: a prospective study in older men.

Objective: To analyse the risk of incident vertebral and non-vertebral fracture in men with DISH.

Methods: In 782 men ages 50-85 years, DISH was diagnosed using Resnick's criteria. In men followed prospectively for 7.

Establishing Objective Measures of Clinical Competence in Undergraduate Medical Education Through Immersive Virtual Reality.

Objective: The Association of American Medical Colleges defines recognition of the need for urgent or emergent escalation of care as a key Entrustable Professional Activity (EPA) for entering residency (EPA#10). This study pilots the use of an immersive virtual reality (VR) platform for defining objective observable behaviors as standards for evaluation of medical student recognition of impending respiratory failure.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from July 2018 to December 2019, evaluating student performance during a VR scenario of an infant in impending respiratory failure using the OculusRift VR platform.

Impact of an Immersive Virtual Reality Curriculum on Medical Students' Clinical Assessment of Infants With Respiratory Distress.

Objective: To determine whether exposure to an immersive virtual reality curriculum on pediatric respiratory distress improves medical students' recognition of impending respiratory failure.

Design: Randomized, controlled, prospective study conducted from July 2017 to June 2018. Evaluators blinded to student groupings.

Multivariate analysis of the immune response to different rabies vaccines.

In a previous study, we proposed as an alternative to the use of animals in infectious challenge studies, a new approach describing the vaccine-induced immune response through the multivariate analysis of a defined set of immune parameters characterizing the B and T immune responses. This multivariate analysis, i.e.

Development of antibody ELISA specific of Leptospira interrogans serovar Grippotyphosa, Canicola, and Icterohaemorrhagiae to monitor vaccine immunogenicity.

The antibody response after primary vaccination and annual revaccination with a multivalent DAPPi-L vaccine was assessed respectively in SPF dogs and in client owned dogs against the Grippotyphosa (Lg), Canicola (Lc) and Icterohaemorrhagiae (Li) Leptospira serovars. To overcome limitations of the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), we developed serovar-specific and sensitive blocking ELISA assays. Serovar-specific antibodies against Lg, Lc and Li were detected in 100%, 45% and 91% of dogs, respectively, after the first dose of vaccine, and in 100% of dogs for all serovars after the second dose.

Outcome of Frail Do-Not-Intubate Subjects With End-Stage Chronic Respiratory Failure and Their Opinion of Noninvasive Ventilation to Reverse Hypercapnic Coma.

Background: The use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in the emergency setting to reverse hypercapnic coma in frail patients with end-stage chronic respiratory failure and do-not-intubate orders remains a questionable issue given the poor outcome of this vulnerable population. We aimed to answer this issue by assessing not only subjects' outcome with NIV but also subjects' point of view regarding NIV for this indication.

Methods: A prospective observational case-control study was conducted in 3 French tertiary care hospitals during a 2-y period.

Patient safety after implementation of a coproduced family centered communication programme: multicenter before and after intervention study.

Objective: To determine whether medical errors, family experience, and communication processes improved after implementation of an intervention to standardize the structure of healthcare provider-family communication on family centered rounds.

Design: Prospective, multicenter before and after intervention study.

Setting: Pediatric inpatient units in seven North American hospitals, 17 December 2014 to 3 January 2017.

Correction to: Oral vaccination of dogs: a well-studied and undervalued tool for achieving human and dog rabies elimination.

The original article [1] contained an error in the Author details paragraph. "Neglected Zoonotic Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland" should be replaced by "Le Grand-Saconnex, Switzerland".

Oral vaccination of dogs: a well-studied and undervalued tool for achieving human and dog rabies elimination.

The mass vaccination of dogs is a proven tool for rabies prevention. Besides parenteral delivery of inactivated vaccines, over the past several decades, several self-replicating biologics, including modified-live, attenuated and recombinant viruses, have been evaluated for the oral vaccination of dogs against rabies. Vaccines are included within an attractive bait for oral consumption by free-ranging dogs.

Optimization of Uranium-Doped Americium Oxide Synthesis for Space Application.

Americium 241 is a potential alternative to plutonium 238 as an energy source for missions into deep space or to the dark side of planetary bodies. In order to use the Am isotope for radioisotope thermoelectric generator or radioisotope heating unit (RHU) production, americium materials need to be developed. This study focuses on the stabilization of a cubic americium oxide phase using uranium as the dopant.

[Antimalarial drug retinopathy].

Introduction: Antimalarial drugs are largely used for the treatment of various systemic diseases. They can cause toxic retinopathy, which can lead to blindness.

Observation: We report the case of a 32-year-old male with a systemic lupus erythematosus treated with hydroxychloroquine 400mg per day and then chloroquine 300mg per day during 8 and 9years respectively.

The obesity supine death syndrome (OSDS).

The obesity supine death syndrome refers to a catastrophic cascade of cardiorespiratory complications resulting from the supine positioning of a morbidly obese subject which can ultimately lead to death. It was first described in 1977 in two massively obese patients who were forced to lie down for medical procedures. But surprisingly, despite the current worldwide epidemic of obesity, very few cases have been reported yet.

Educational Added Value Unit: Development and Testing of a Measure for Educational Activities.

Objectives: University-based hospitalists educate health care professionals as an expectation, often lacking time and support for these activities. The purpose of this study was to (1) develop a tracking tool to record educational activities, (2) demonstrate its applicability and ease of completion for faculty members in different divisions, and (3) compare educational efforts of individuals from different professional pathways and divisions by using the educational added value unit (EAVU).

Methods: Educational activities were selected and ranked according to preparation effort, presentation time, and impact to calculate the EAVU.

Oral vaccination of wildlife using a vaccinia-rabies-glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine (RABORAL V-RG): a global review.

RABORAL V-RG is an oral rabies vaccine bait that contains an attenuated ("modified-live") recombinant vaccinia virus vector vaccine expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein gene (V-RG). Approximately 250 million doses have been distributed globally since 1987 without any reports of adverse reactions in wildlife or domestic animals since the first licensed recombinant oral rabies vaccine (ORV) was released into the environment to immunize wildlife populations against rabies. V-RG is genetically stable, is not detected in the oral cavity beyond 48 h after ingestion, is not shed by vaccinates into the environment, and has been tested for thermostability under a range of laboratory and field conditions.

Multivariate analysis of the immune response to a vaccine as an alternative to the repetition of animal challenge studies for vaccines with demonstrated efficacy.

The assessment of vaccine combinations, or the evaluation of the impact of minor modifications of one component in well-established vaccines, requires animal challenges in the absence of previously validated correlates of protection. As an alternative, we propose conducting a multivariate analysis of the specific immune response to the vaccine. This approach is consistent with the principles of the 3Rs (Refinement, Reduction and Replacement) and avoids repeating efficacy studies based on infectious challenges in vivo.

Delayed but successful response to noninvasive ventilation in COPD patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure.

Background: We evaluated a new noninvasive ventilation (NIV) protocol that allows the pursuit of NIV in the case of persistent severe respiratory acidosis despite a first NIV challenge in COPD patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF).

Patients And Methods: A prospective observational multicentric pilot study was conducted in three tertiary hospitals over a 12-month study period. A total of 155 consecutive COPD patients who were admitted for AHRF and treated by NIV were enrolled.