Ngan mayla gen. et sp. nov, a new blind potamid cave crab from Borneo, Kalimantan (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamoidea, Potamidae), and three other unidentified cave crabs from the same region.

We here report on freshwater cave crabs of the families Potamidae and Gecarcinucidae in East Kalimantan, Sarawak, Indonesia in Borneo. A new genus and species of potamid crab, Ngan mayla, is described from Lubang Gedung Cave in the Merabu Karst. With its bullet-shaped eyes, Ngan mayla gen.

A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the brachyuran crab superfamily Xanthoidea provides novel insights into its systematics and evolutionary history.

Maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenies for the brachyuran crab superfamily Xanthoidea were estimated based on three mitochondrial and four nuclear genes to infer phylogenetic relationships and inform taxonomy. Habitat data was then used in conjunction with several diversification rates analyses (BAMM, BiSSE, HiSSE, and FiSSE) to test evolutionary hypotheses regarding the diversification of xanthoid crabs. The phylogenies presented are the most comprehensive to date in terms of global diversity as they include all four constituent families (Xanthidae, Panopeidae, Pseudorhombilidae, and Linnaeoxanthidae) spanning all oceans in which xanthoid crabs occur.

Diagnosis of the inachoidid subfamily Paradasygyiinae subfam. nov (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea).

The name for the brachyuran subfamily Dasygyiinae Holmes, 1900, recently recognised by Guinot Van Bakel (2020) in the majoid family Inachoididae Dana, 1851, cannot be used as it is a junior synonym of Collodinae Stimpson, 1871. The present note diagnoses a new name, Paradasygyiinae subfam. nov.

Extraordinary majoid crabs: the genus Esopus A. Milne-Edwards, 1875 in the new subfamily Esopinae subfam. nov., and erection of Paulitinae subfam. nov. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea, Inachoididae Dana, 1851).

A rare small species, Esopus crassus A. Milne-Edwards, 1875, recently collected by KARUBENTHOS Expedition 2015 in Guadeloupe, is re-examined. The genus Esopus A.

Reappraisal of species attributed to Halicarcinus White, 1846 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Hymenosomatidae) with diagnosis of four new genera and one new species from New Ireland, Papua New Guinea.

Species of Hymenosomatidae previously treated as species or junior synonyms of species of Halicarcinus White, 1846 are assigned to this and other genera. Halicarcinus is restricted to seven valid species; Rhynchoplax Stimpson, 1858, since 1980 synonymised with Halicarcinus, is now recognised with four species; four species are added to Micas Ng & Richer de Forges, 1996 (making five in total); and four new genera are erected: Culexisoma n. gen.

, a new xanthid crab (Decapoda, Brachyura) from the Middle Miocene of Austria and Hungary.

On the basis of several carapaces, a new species of xanthid crab, , is described from the Middle Miocene of the Vienna (Austria) and Great Hungarian basins. It differs from the coeval xanthids, and , in having a distinctly protruding front and comparatively longer carapace. Contrary to those two species, the new one makes up for just a small percentage in the decapod crustacean assemblages studied.

Aquatic pollution may favor the success of the invasive species A. franciscana.

The genus Artemia consists of several bisexual and parthenogenetic sibling species. One of them, A. franciscana, originally restricted to the New World, becomes invasive when introduced into ecosystems out of its natural range of distribution.

New easy-to-use hybrid system for extracellular potential and impedance recordings.

The need for predictive, in vitro cardiac safety screening drives further development of automated, high-throughput-compatible drug evaluation based on cardiac cell preparations. Recently, pluripotent stem cells are evaluated as a new, more predictive model for cardiovascular risk assessment pertaining to in vitro assays. We present a new screening platform, the CardioExcyte 96, a hybrid instrument that combines impedance (cell contractility) with extracellular field potential (EFP) recordings.

Correct date and authorship of taxa of Middle American freshwater crabs described by Rodríguez & Smalley (1972) (not 1969) and included in Smalley (1970) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pseudothelphusidae).

One subgenus and one genus of Pseudothelphusidae described by Gilberto Rodríguez and Alfred E. Smalley from Mexico have been erroneously referred to for over 40 years as variously described in 1968 and 1969. The review of the original publication indicates that these taxa were published in a journal dated 1969 that became available for distribution only in 1972.

Automated Patch Clamp Analysis of nAChα7 and Na(V)1.7 Channels.

Automated patch clamp devices are now commonly used for studying ion channels. A useful modification of this approach is the replacement of the glass pipet with a thin planar glass layer with a small hole in the middle. Planar patch clamp devices, such as the three described in this unit, are overtaking glass pipets in popularity because they increase throughput, are easier to use, provide for the acquisition of high-quality and information-rich data, and allow for rapid perfusion and temperature control.

Minimized cell usage for stem cell-derived and primary cells on an automated patch clamp system.

Introduction: Chip-based automated patch clamp systems are widely used in drug development and safety pharmacology, allowing for high quality, high throughput screening at standardized experimental conditions. The merits of automation generally come at the cost of large amounts of cells needed, since cells are not targeted individually, but randomly positioned onto the chip aperture from cells in suspension. While cell usage is of little concern when using standard cell lines such as CHO or HEK cells, it becomes a crucial constraint with cells of limited availability, such as primary or otherwise rare and expensive cells, like induced pluripotent stem (IPS) cell-derived cardiomyocytes or neurons.

Significance of the sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura), with new nomina for higher-ranked podotreme taxa.

The patterns of complexity of the male and female sexual openings in Brachyura, which have been the source of uncertainties and conflicting opinions, are documented, together with a study of the morphologies of the coxal and sternal gonopores in both sexes, penises, spermathecae, and gonopods. The vulvae, male gonopores and penises are described among selected taxa of Eubrachyura, and their function and evolution examined in the context of a wide variety of mating behaviours. The location of female and male gonopores, the condition of the penis (coxal and sternal openings and modalities of protection), and related configurations of thoracic sternites 7 and 8, which are modified by the intercalation of a wide sternal part (thoracic sternites 7 and 8) during carcinisation, show evidence of deep homology.

Molecular systematics of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent endemic Brachyuran family Bythograeidae: a comparison of three Bayesian species tree methods.

Brachyuran crabs of the family Bythograeidae are endemic to deep-sea hydrothermal vents and represent one of the most successful groups of macroinvertebrates that have colonized this extreme environment. Occurring worldwide, the family includes six genera (Allograea, Austinograea, Bythograea, Cyanagraea, Gandalfus, and Segonzacia) and fourteen formally described species. To investigate their evolutionary relationships, we conducted Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian molecular phylogenetic analyses, based on DNA sequences from fragments of three mitochondrial genes (16S rDNA, Cytochrome oxidase I, and Cytochrome b) and three nuclear genes (28S rDNA, the sodium-potassium ATPase a-subunit 'NaK', and Histone H3A).

Long-term effect of temperature on bioaccumulation of dietary metals and metallothionein induction in Sparus aurata.

Previous studies have demonstrated that the commercial feed of aquacultured fish contains trace amounts of toxic and essential metals which can accumulate in tissues and finally be ingested by consumers. Recently rising temperatures, associated to the global warming phenomenon, have been reported as a factor to be taken into consideration in ecotoxicology, since temperature-dependent alterations in bioavailability, toxicokinetics and biotransformation rates can be expected. Sparus aurata were kept at 22°C, 27°C and 30°C for 3 months in order to determine the temperature effect on metallothionein induction and metal bioaccumulation from a non-experimentally contaminated commercial feed.

Cost-effectiveness of HIV nonoccupational post-exposure prophylaxis in Australia.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the cost-effectiveness of HIV nonoccupational post-exposure prophylaxis (NPEP) in Australia.

Methods: A retrospective cost analysis of a population-based observational cohort of 1601 participants eligible for NPEP in Australia between 1998 and 2004 was carried out. We modelled NPEP treatment costs and combined them with effectiveness outcomes to calculate the cost per seroconversion avoided.

Stringent control of cytoplasmic Ca2+ in guard cells of intact plants compared to their counterparts in epidermal strips or guard cell protoplasts.

Cytoplasmic calcium elevations, transients, and oscillations are thought to encode information that triggers a variety of physiological responses in plant cells. Yet Ca(2+) signals induced by a single stimulus vary, depending on the physiological state of the cell and experimental conditions. We compared Ca(2+) homeostasis and stimulus-induced Ca(2+) signals in guard cells of intact plants, epidermal strips, and isolated protoplasts.

Nucleotides and Mg2+ ions differentially regulate K+ channels and non-selective cation channels present in cells forming the stomatal complex.

Voltage-dependent inward-rectifying (K(in)) and outward-rectifying (K(out)) K(+) channels are capable of mediating K(+) fluxes across the plasma membrane. Previous studies on guard cells or heterologously expressed K(+) channels provided evidence for the requirement of ATP to maintain K(+) channel activity. Here, the nucleotide and Mg(2+) dependencies of time-dependent K(in) and K(out) channels from maize subsidiary cells were examined, showing that MgATP as well as MgADP function as channel activators.

Two new species of hydrothermal vent crabs of the genus Bythograea from the southern East Pacific Rise and from the Galapagos Rift (Crustacea Decapoda Brachyura Bythograeidae).

Two new species of Bythograea Williams, B. vrijenhoeki n. sp.

New genus and species of brachyuran crab from the southern East Pacific Rise (Crustacea Decapoda Brachyura Bythograeidae).

A new genus and species of a brachyuran crab, Allograea tomentosa n. gen. and n.