XPS Investigation of Co-Ni Oxidized Compounds Surface Using Peak-On-Satellite Ratio. Application to CoNi Passive Layer Structure and Composition.

XPS data processing for cobalt and nickel core-level peaks can be complicated. This is especially true when analyzing a mixture of oxide/oxyhydroxide/hydroxide compounds of these metals. The objective of this study is to develop a method for decomposing XPS spectra of 2p core levels for nickel and cobalt-oxidized compounds.

Notre-Dame de Paris: The first iron lady? Archaeometallurgical study and dating of the Parisian cathedral iron reinforcements.

The study of iron reinforcements used in the construction of Notre-Dame de Paris offers a glimpse into the innovation that took place on this building site in the mid-12th century, adapting metal to create a novel architecture. The restoration of the monument after the 2019 fire offered unique possibilities to investigate its iron armatures and to sample 12 iron staples from different locations (tribunes, nave aisles and upper walls). Six of them were dated thanks to the development of an innovative methodology based on radiocarbon dating.

Solute hydrogen and hydride phase implications on the plasticity of zirconium and titanium alloys: a review and some recent advances.

In this contribution, we propose a review of the possible implications of hydrogen on mechanical behaviour of Zr and Ti alloys with emphasis on the mechanisms of plasticity and strain hardening. Recent advances on the impact of oxygen and hydrogen on the activation volume show that oxygen content hinders creep but hydrogen partially screens this effect. Both aspects are discussed in terms of a locking-unlocking model of the screw dislocation mobility in prismatic slip.

Characterisation of CIME, an experimental chamber for simulating interactions between materials of the cultural heritage and the environment.

An approach consisting in combining in situ and laboratory experiments is often favoured for investigating the mechanisms involved in the weathering of the materials of the cultural heritage. However, the realistic simulation in the laboratory of the environmental conditions ruling the interactions of atmospheric compounds with materials is a very complex task. The aim of this work is to characterise CIME, a new chamber specially built to simulate the interactions between materials of the cultural heritage and the environment.

Twelve-year analysis of severe cases of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: a cause of unpredictable multiorgan failure.

Background: Factors implicated in the severity of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) have not been identified. We retrospectively describe and analyze severe cases of DRESS defined by history of intensive care unit admission and death due to DRESS.

Observations: Of 15 patients retrospectively recruited in France, 14 were admitted to the intensive care unit and 3 died.

[Immediate reactions to local anesthetics: diagnostic and therapeutic procedures].

Background: Despite the widespread use of local anesthetics and frequently reported adverse reactions, true IgE-mediated allergy to local anesthetics is extremely rare. We report on 80 patients seen in our department for adverse reactions to local anesthetics, and we propose a clinical strategy to confirm or rule out immediate allergy to local anesthetics.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical files of all patients referred to our department by their doctor or dentist for suspected immediate allergic reaction to local anesthetics between September 2001 and May 2004.

Methotrexate for the treatment of adult atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease mediated by allergen-specific T cells which are recruited and activated in lesional skin. Methotrexate (MTX) is an old systemic agent used at low dosage for the treatment of psoriasis, another T cell-mediated skin disorder. Since MTX has been shown to improve the clinical symptoms of eczema in a model of antigen-specific dermatitis in mice, we postulated that it could be an effective treatment of AD.

Pathophysiology of urticaria.

Urticaria is dermal edema resulting from vascular dilatation and leakage of fluid into the skin in response to molecules released from mast cells. The major preformed mediator histamine produces a prototypic, short-lived urticaria. However, the clinical spectrum and pattern of lesions indicate that other molecules, including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, cytokines, and chemokines, produced at different times after mast cell activation contribute to the polymorphism of this symptom and the variable evolution of this disease.

[How to understand psoriasis?].

Recent advances in the treatment of psoriasis have led to improve understanding in the pathogenesis of the disease. Skin lesions are scaling erythematous plaques. Although initially considered as a disease of epidermal cells, it is now widely accepted that the epidermal abnormalities, which are characteristic of the disease, are secondary to the development of a skin inflammation.

[Acquired zinc deficiency in a breast-fed premature infant].

Unlabelled: Symptomatic zinc deficiency can occur in exclusively breast-fed infants. We report a case in a preterm infant.

Case Report: A 3-months-old exclusively breast-fed premature infant presented with peri-orificial and acral eczematoid lesions.

[Bioavailability of cadmium: effect of vitamin C and phytase in broiler chickens].

Though the application of the toxic heavy metal cadmium is reduced, its concentration in soil and in feed still increases. Especially smoking habits and unbalanced diets cause cadmium intake in humans beyond the limits suggested by WHO. One possibility to reduce cadmium burden is to influence the bioavailability of cadmium in the feed by certain vitamins, trace elements and other feed components and thus to lower its content in food from animal origin.

Single column ion chromatographic determination of inorganic acids in workroom places.

Single Column Ion Chromatography (SCIC) combines low capacity-columns, low conductivity eluents and a detector with considerable electronic supression capability and enables quantitation of ions at the ppm level without the need of a suppressor column associated with other forms of Ion Chromatography. Vapors and aerosols of inorganic acids are collected on filter and silica gel tubes and analyzed directly by SCIC. A conventional liquid chromatograph with a low capacity column and a conductimetric detector is used to analyze aerosols of Cl-, Br-, NO-3 and SO=4 with good results.