Sepsis-trained macrophages promote antitumoral tissue-resident T cells.

Sepsis induces immune alterations, which last for months after the resolution of illness. The effect of this immunological reprogramming on the risk of developing cancer is unclear. Here we use a national claims database to show that sepsis survivors had a lower cumulative incidence of cancers than matched nonsevere infection survivors.

Influence of Radiotherapy Fractionation Schedule on the Tumor Vascular Microenvironment in Prostate and Lung Cancer Models.

Unlabelled: Background. The tumor vasculature acts as an interface for the primary tumor. It regulates oxygenation, nutrient delivery, and treatment efficacy including radiotherapy.

Plasma membrane reorganization links acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide to p38 MAPK pathways in endothelial cells apoptosis.

The p38 MAPK signaling pathway is essential in the cellular response to stress stimuli, in particular in the endothelial cells that are major target of external stress. The importance of the bioactive sphingolipid ceramide generated by acid sphingomyelinase is also firmly established in stress-induced endothelial apoptotic cell death. Despite a suggested link between the p38 MAPK and ceramide pathways, the exact molecular events of this connection remain elusive.

Oxidative stress disassembles the p38/NPM/PP2A complex, which leads to modulation of nucleophosmin-mediated signaling to DNA damage response.

Oxidative stress is a leading cause of endothelial dysfunction. The p38 MAPK pathway plays a determinant role in allowing cells to cope with oxidative stress and is tightly regulated by a balanced interaction between p38 protein and its interacting partners. By using a proteomic approach, we identified nucleophosmin (NPM) as a new partner of p38 in HUVECs.

Membrane signaling induced by high doses of ionizing radiation in the endothelial compartment. Relevance in radiation toxicity.

Tumor areas can now be very precisely delimited thanks to technical progress in imaging and ballistics. This has also led to the development of novel radiotherapy protocols, delivering higher doses of ionizing radiation directly to cancer cells. Despite this, radiation toxicity in healthy tissue remains a major issue, particularly with dose-escalation in these new protocols.

Annexin-1-mediated endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis are regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced inhibition of miR-196a expression.

Endothelial cell migration induced in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an essential step of angiogenesis. It depends in part on the activation of the p38/MAPKAP kinase-2/LIMK1/annexin-A1 (ANXA1) signaling axis. In the present study, we obtained evidence indicating that miR-196a specifically binds to the 3'-UTR region of ANXA1 mRNA to repress its expression.

miR-20a represses endothelial cell migration by targeting MKK3 and inhibiting p38 MAP kinase activation in response to VEGF.

Endothelial cell migration induced in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a crucial step of angiogenesis and it depends on the activation of the p38 MAP-kinase pathway downstream of VEGFR2. In this study, we investigated the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating these processes. We found that the VEGF-induced p38 activation and cell migration are modulated by overexpression of Argonaute 2, a key protein in the functioning of miRNAs.

[Regionalization of very preterm birth care sites in Ile-de France in 1998].

The objective of this article is to describe the conditions under which very premature babies were born in the Paris region between June 1 and December 31, 1998, that is to say those born prior to reaching 33 weeks of term (SA) and/or having a birth weight less than 1500 grams. The study looked at all pre-term births, including medical terminations of pregnancy (TOP), occurring in one of the 135 maternity units in the Paris region. Between June 1 and December 31, 1998, 1337 mothers gave birth to babies prior to reaching 33 weeks of term (SA) and/or having a birth weight less than 1500 grams in 84 maternity units in the Paris region, 263 of which had a medical termination of pregnancy (20%).

[Teratogenic effects of vitamin A and its derivates].

Retinoids, the synthetic derivates of vitamin A, have a key role on cellular differentiation and developmental tissue specificity. Their effects are mediated by nuclear receptors which transactivate homeobox genes. They are teratogenic to animals and they all induce similar malformations dependent on the dose and the duration of exposure.

Pharmacokinetics of the S(+) and R(-) enantiomers of vigabatrin during chronic dosing in a patient with renal failure.

Aims: To study the pharmacokinetics of vigabatrin in a patient affected with tuberous sclerosis who developed major agitation and aggression, while receiving vigabatrin orally (1.5 g every 12 h) and in whom impaired renal function was diagnosed.

Methods: The patient received vigabatrin (0.

[Role of corticoids in purulent meningitis in children: analysis of literature studies].

Steroid therapy, in combination with antibiotics for bacterial meningitis in paediatric patients remains controversial. Steroids, and primarily dexamethasone a very potent anti-inflammatory agent, regulate the liberation of various cytokines and inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins, released during bacterial meningitis and leading to long term complications. Several clinical trials studying infants and children with bacterial meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae have evaluated the beneficial effects of the administration of dexamethasone at the onset of antibiotherapy and demonstrated that dexamethasone reduced the risk of acquired sensorineural deafness (bilateral moderate or more severe hearing loss) and the incidence of neurological sequelae.

[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy complicating a prolonged corticotherapy for hemorrhagic rectocolitis].

Background: The cardiac side-effects of corticosteroid therapy are very uncommon.

Case Report: A girl with ulcerative colitis developed at the age of 8 years an acute digestive episode despite prednisolone and total parenteral nutrition. The patient was then given intravenous methylprednisolone (2 mg/kg/d).

[Maternal corticotherapy . Pharmacology and effect on the fetus].

There are many indications for steroids in pregnant women including asthma, chronic inflammatory diseases and disseminated lupus erythematosus. Prednisone and prednisolone, the preferred drugs, are inactivated by the placenta so that fetal exposure is minimal. The effect of corticosteroids on the fetus has been studied by a number of workers.

[Maternal and neonatal effects of indomethacin administrated during pregnancy. Apropos of 18 cases].

Background: There have been several reports that prolonged exposure of pregnant women to indomethacin for tocolysis may have significant pharmacological effects on the fetus or newborn.

Patients: Eighteen pregnant women were given indomethacin during the year 1989 for treatment of premature labor (n = 16) or polyhydramnios (n = 2). Treatment was started at gestational week 28.