Mild hyperbaric oxygen exposure protects heart during ischemia/reperfusion and affects vascular relaxation.

Mild hyperbaric oxygen therapy (mHBOT) is an adjuvant therapy used in conditions where tissue oxygenation is reduced and is implemented using pressures less than 1.5 ATA and 100% O (instead of the classical HBOT at 1.9-3 ATA) which results in cheaper, easier to implement, and equally effective.

Clinical and biochemical short-term effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on SARS-Cov-2+ hospitalized patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure.

Background: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been proposed to address COVID-19- associated respiratory failure. However, its biochemical effects are poorly known.

Method: 50 patients with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia were divided into C group (standard care) and H group (standard care plus HBOT).

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of three products of epoetin alfa as single subcutaneous dose in healthy volunteers.

Hemax® is an epoetin alfa product developed by Biosidus S.A. in Argentina at the end of the 1980s and has been present in that market since 1991.

Direct Oral Anticoagulants: An Updated Systematic Review of Their Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Effectiveness and Safety in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation.

Direct oral anticoagulants have been an increasingly used class of drugs in the setting of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, defying vitamin K antagonists' monopoly when it comes to anticoagulation due to its several limitations. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have entered the market as a noninferior and safer option in comparison with vitamin K antagonists, as their respective phase III clinical trials proved. The aim of this article was to update and summarize data on their clinical pharmacology and to review real-world data to know their comparative effectiveness and safety.

Hyperbaric oxygen as an adjuvant treatment for patients with COVID-19 severe hypoxaemia: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has been proposed to treat hypoxaemia and reduce inflammation in COVID-19. Our objective was to analyse safety and efficacy of HBO in treatment of hypoxaemia in patients with COVID-19 and evaluate time to hypoxaemia correction.

Methods: This was a multicentre, open-label randomised controlled trial conducted in Buenos Aires, Argentina, between July and November 2020.

Pregnancy Complicated by the Most Frequent Forms of Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young: A Narrative Review on Its Pharmacological Implications.

Background: Monogenic Diabetes (MFD) represents close to 2% of all the cases of diabetes diagnosed in people younger than 45 years old. Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY), neonatal diabetes, and several syndromic forms of diabetes are included among the most accounts for about typical forms of MDF. MODY is the most frequent type of MFD, with MODY 1, 2, 3, and 5 being the most prevalent forms.

Precision Medicine in the Renin-Angiotensin System: Therapeutic Targets and Biological Variability.

Pathologies linked to the renin-angiotensin system are frequent, and the drugs used in them are numerous and show great variability in therapeutic effects and adverse reactions. Genetic variants have been detected in the angiotensinogen gene (6), angiotensin-converting enzyme (9), angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (1), and angiotensin receptor Type 1 (4) among others. However, the large number of studies that have analyzed each of them makes it complex and almost impossible to consider all the existing information.

Long-term pharmacotherapy of obesity in patients that have undergone bariatric surgery: pharmacological prevention and management of body weight regain.

Introduction: The obesity epidemic continues to grow. Bariatric surgery is part of the arsenal to treat the disease. Surgery results in an effective option for patients with severe obesity but also when obesity is associated with significant comorbidities.

Metformin and Pregnancy Outcomes: Evidence Gaps and Unanswered Questions.

Background: Metformin is sometimes used as an alternative to insulin in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). It is also used to achieve ovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Pre-natal exposure to metformin results from its continuation after a successful ovulation in women with PCOS, its maintenance in women with pre-gestational diabetes or the installation of metformin in GDM.

Dextrophropoxyphene effects on QTc-interval prolongation: Frequency and characteristics in relation to plasma levels.

Objective: To evaluate frequency and risk factors for dextropropoxypheneinduced QT-interval prolongation in the clinical setting.

Design: Prospective, noninterventional, observational, longitudinal cohort approach. Electrocardiograms were blindly evaluated by independent professionals.

Hepatic Elimination of Drugs in Gestational Diabetes.

Background: The liver is the major metabolic clearance organ for chemical agents from the human body. Pregnancy is associated with several physiological changes that may affect one or more of these factors, and also induces changes in the hepatic clearance of certain drugs. The aim of this paper was to review some of the currently available information in the field to provide some insights about the relevance of these changes on the clearance of some drugs.

Drug-induced QT Interval Prolongation in the Intensive Care Unit.

Background: The most common acquired cause of Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is drug induced QT interval prolongation. It is an electrophysiological entity, which is characterized by an extended duration of the ventricular repolarization. Reflected as a prolonged QT interval in a surface ECG, this syndrome increases the risk for polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (Torsade de Pointes) and sudden death.

Pharmacotherapy and motor recovery after stroke.

Stroke is one of the most prevalent neurological diseases worldwide, especially among the elderly population. There are various mechanisms that enhance motor recovery after a stroke. In clinical practice, we have the opportunity to enhance plasticity by designing specific rehabilitation programs.

Simultaneous quantitation of meperidine, normeperidine, tramadol, propoxyphene and norpropoxyphene in human plasma using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: Method validation and application to cardiovascular safety of therapeutic doses.

Rationale: Several opioid analgesics have been related to the prolongation of cardiac repolarization, a condition which can be fatal. In order to establish a correct estimation of the risk/benefit balance of therapeutic doses of meperidine, normeperidine, tramadol, propoxyphene and norpropoxyphene, it was necessary to develop an analytical method to determinate plasma concentrations of these opioids.

Methods: Here we describe a method which incorporates strong alkaline treatment to obtain norpropoxyphene amide followed by a one-elution step solid-phase extraction, and without further derivatization.

In vivo Phenotyping Methods: Cytochrome P450 Probes with Emphasis on the Cocktail Approach.

Background: Differences in drug response among patients are common. Most major drugs are effective in only 25 to 60 percent of the patients, in part due to the CYP enzymes, whose activity vary up to 50-fold between individuals for some index metabolic reactions. Several factors affect CYP activity, among which genetic polymorphisms have been studied as the major cause for long time.

Meperidine-induced QTc-interval prolongation: prevalence, risk factors, and correlation to plasma drug and metabolite concentrations .

Unlabelled: A prolongation of the QTc-interval has been described for several opioids, including pethidine (meperidine).

Objective: To evaluate in the clinical setting the frequency and risk factors associated with the QT-interval prolongation induced by meperidine.

Research Design And Methods: We recruited patients requiring meperidine administration and recorded their medical history and comorbidities predisposing to QT-interval prolongation.

Potential Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a group of heterogeneous drugs largely known for their anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects, which are met by means of the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. Even when their use in patients with diabetes mellitus is limited due to relevant adverse events, some pharmacological and metabolic effects of NSAIDs have been further studied to be potentially beneficial in the prevention and/or treatment of diabetic subjects. Effects on endogenous glucose production, peripheral insulin resistance, pancreatic islet, and systemic inflammation and the insulin clearance have been reported.

A Systematic Approach to Assess the Burden of Drug Interactions in Adult Kidney Transplant Patients.

Aim: Renal transplant patients are frequently subject to polypharmacy and drug-drug interactions. However, no previous study has systematically assessed the risk of drug interactions and Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) in this population.

Methods: A total of 138 consecutive adult kidney transplant recipients admitted to our hospital between August 2010 and February 2012 were prospectively and systematically assessed by our pharmacovigilance team, within 24 hours of admission, to identify potential drug-drug interactions and probable ADRs.

Comparative bioavailability of two tablet formulations of emtricitabine/tenofovir in healthy, fasting volunteers: a single-dose, randomized-sequence, open-label crossover study.

Objective: To evaluate the relative bioavailability of a new formulation of emtricitabine (EMT) 200 mg and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TNF) 300 mg and to compare with reference formulation to meet regulatory criteria in Argentina.

Methods: A randomized-sequence, open-label, twoperiod crossover study was conducted on 24 healthy Caucasian volunteers in a fasting state. A single oral dose of T or R formulations was followed by a 7-day washout period.

Relative bioavailability between two teriparatide formulations in healthy volunteers.

Objective: To compare the pharmacokinetics, relative bioavailability (RB), immunogenicity, and safety after a single dose of test or reference formulation of teriparatide in healthy human volunteers in order to demonstrate whether both products are similar.

Research Design And Methods: We compared pharmacokinetic parameters, immunogenicity, and safety after a single dose of two formulations (Osteofortil® and Forteo®) of teriparatide in a randomizedsequence, open-label, two-period crossover study in 24 healthy volunteers. The washout period between formulations was 7 days.

Tramadol Induced QTc-Interval Prolongation: Prevalence, Clinical Factors and Correlation to Plasma Concentrations.

Unlabelled: In recent years, several cases of torsade de pointes have been associated with many opioids. However, to present no cases have been reported with tramadol.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of tramadol on QT-interval in the clinical setting.

Drug-Induced QTc Interval Prolongation: A Multicenter Study to Detect Drugs and Clinical Factors Involved in Every Day Practice.

Objective: The actual prevalence of drug induced QTc prolongation in clinical practice is unknown. Our objective was to determine the occurrence and characteristics of drug-induced QT prolongation in several common clinical practices. Additionally, a subgroup of patients treated with dextropropoxyphene of particular interest for the regulatory authority was analysed.