Recovery of Ceratophrys ornata tadpoles exposed to environmental concentrations of chlorpyrifos: evaluation of biomarkers of exposure.

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the most widely used insecticides worldwide despite the fact that many authors have warned about its effects in non-target biota. The effects of CPF on anurans are well known, but the process of recovery from these effects after exposure is less explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the duration of sublethal effects induced by environmental concentrations of CPF on Ceratophrys ornata tadpoles after exposure.

Toxicity of the neonicotinoid insecticides thiamethoxam and imidacloprid to tadpoles of three species of South American amphibians and effects of thiamethoxam on the metamorphosis of .

The present study examined the acute and chronic toxicity of the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid (IMI) and thiamethoxam (TIA) on the neotropical amphibian species and Scinax granulatus. The median lethal concentration after 96 hr exposure (96 hr-LC) ranged between 11.28 and >71.

Comprehensive evaluation of the toxicity of the flame retardant (decabromodiphenyl ether) in a bioindicator fish (Gambusia affinis).

In recent years, concerns have increased about the adverse effects on health and the environment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), especially BDE-209, the most widely PBDE used globally. These pollutants derive from e-waste and present different adverse effects on biota. In this work, a toxicological study on mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) using BDE-209 (2,2',3,3',4,4',5,'5',6,6'-decabromodiphenyl ether) was carried out.

Lethal and sublethal effects of the natural and healthy spinosad-based formulation Tracer™ on tadpoles of two neotropical species.

This paper presents the first acute toxicity data of the natural insecticide spinosad in amphibians. The sensitivity of two neotropical sympatric anuran species, Boana pulchella and Rhinella arenarum, to spinosad-based formulation Tracer™ was evaluated. Lethal effects are reported in tadpoles of B.

Biomarker and hematological fieldwork with amphibians: is it necessary to sample all night?

In the context of the global amphibian crisis, biomonitoring constitutes a valuable assessment tool to provide critical up to date information on the status and health of amphibians worldwide. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the possible confounding effects of sex, size, and time since capture on enzymatic biomarkers and hematologic parameters of the South American frog Leptodactylus latrans. Frogs were collected by hand between 9 pm and 12 am on two consecutive nights.

Biomarkers at different levels of organisation after atrazine formulation (SIPTRAN 500SC) exposure in Rhinella schineideri (Anura: Bufonidae) Neotropical tadpoles.

Brazil is an important consumer of herbicides. In sugarcane cultivation-the country's most extensive agricultural crop-atrazine-based formulations are the principal form of weed control. Several studies have investigated adverse effects of atrazine or their formulations on anurans, but not specifically on Brazilian species.

Effect on the growth and development and induction of abnormalities by a glyphosate commercial formulation and its active ingredient during two developmental stages of the South-American Creole frog, Leptodactylus latrans.

We evaluated the acute lethal and sublethal effects of technical-grade glyphosate (GLY) and the GLY-based commercial formulation Roundup ULTRA MAX® (RU) on two Gosner stages (Gss) 25 and 36 of the South-American Creole frog, Leptodactylus latrans. Bioassays were performed following standardized methods within a wide range of concentrations (0.0007-9.

Effects of glyphosate on hepatic tissue evaluating melanomacrophages and erythrocytes responses in neotropical anuran Leptodactylus latinasus.

Glyphosate (GLY) is the most used herbicide worldwide and its effects on anurans are well known. Pollutants can cause physiological and morphological effects. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of GLY on hepatic melanomacrophages as a response to environmental stressors.