Understanding Experiences of Diabetes Distress: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis.

Diabetes distress is a common emotional issue for those living with diabetes, which has the potential to negatively impact well-being, management behaviors, and HbA1c levels. These implications have led to diabetes distress becoming an important consideration in diabetes healthcare and management. Nonetheless, discussions remain ongoing on how to best conceptualize this experience.

Alexithymia and illness perceptions in persons with multiple sclerosis and their partners.

Illness perceptions (IPs) encompass opinions regarding the nature, severity and curability of a disease. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between alexithymia and IPs among persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and their partners, as well as within the dyads composed of PwMS and partners. PwMS referred to the Multiple Sclerosis Center of the University Hospital "Policlinico-San Marco" from 11th August 2021 to 7th January 2022 and their partners completed a battery of questionnaires, including the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 and the Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised.

The association of diet quality with the mental health of students during their transition to university.

University students are at risk of experiencing mental health and diet quality problems during their transition to university. This study aimed to examine the bidirectional associations between the diet quality and mental health of students during their transition to universities in the UK, and the impact of the transition on diet quality and mental health. The study adopted a cross-sectional design and took place during the first semester of year 2021-2022.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a major problem in children and adolescents, characterised by age-inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, and is associated with long-term social, academic, and mental health problems. The stimulant medications methylphenidate and amphetamine are the most frequently used treatments for ADHD, but these are not always effective and can be associated with side effects. Clinical and biochemical evidence suggests that deficiencies of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) could be related to ADHD.

One-year follow-up of the effectiveness of a lifestyle modification programme as an adjuvant treatment of depression in primary care: A randomised clinical trial.

Background: An estimated 280 million individuals suffer from depression. Brief group interventions in Primary Healthcare Centres (PHCs) are recommended. One goal of these interventions is to educate people about healthy lifestyle habits, as they prevent the development of depression.

Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) associated with healthcare reductions in patients with functional seizures.

Intensive Short-Term Psychodynamic Therapy (ISTDP) has demonstrated promising evidence for the treatment of Functional Neurological Disorders (FND) including functional seizures. This paper aimed to further examine the therapeutic effects of a 3-session course of this treatment focusing on its potential to maintain reduced healthcare utility within a group of patients with complex difficulties, across an extended time period, post-therapy. The original study followed a mixed methods case series design and recruited 18 patients from secondary adult mental health care and specialist neurology services.

A systematic review of the association of diet quality with the mental health of university students: implications in health education practice.

University students are at risk of experiencing mental health problems during the transition from home to university. This transition can also adversely affect their diet quality. This review aims to examine bidirectional associations from observational studies regarding the influence of diet quality on the mental health of university students, and vice versa.

Illness perceptions and outcome in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review of the literature.

According to Leventhal's self-regulation model, ill people construct personal representations of their disease, namely illness perceptions, which impact their coping strategies and the emotional response to their condition. Since these representations develop in the social environment, the individuals' perceptions may also be related to the opinions of their caregivers. This systematic review aims at synthesising and critically appraising literature pertaining the relationship between illness perceptions and outcome in persons with multiple sclerosis and their caregivers.

Effectiveness of a lifestyle modification programme in the treatment of depression symptoms in primary care.

Background: Depression symptoms are prevalent in the general population, and their onset and continuation may be related to biological and psychosocial factors, many of which are related to lifestyle aspects. Health promotion and lifestyle modification programmes (LMPs) may be effective on reducing the symptoms. The objective of this study was to analyse the clinical effectiveness of a LMP and a LMP plus Information and Communication Technologies, when compared to Treatment as Usual (TAU) over 6 months.

Interactions and implications of Fuzzy-Trace theory for risk taking behaviors in bipolar disorder.

Background: According to Fuzzy-Trace Theory (FTT), qualitative, bottom-line, "gist" reasoning leads to less risk taking and more mature decision-making, less easily swayed by emotions than quantitative, detail-oriented, "verbatim" reasoning. In Bipolar disorder deleterious risky behaviors are common. Prior research confirmed the relationships posited between FTT and risk taking.

Experiences of using positive airway pressure for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and thematic synthesis.

Study Objectives: Suboptimal use of positive airway pressure (PAP) to treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) continues to be a major challenge to effective treatment. Meanwhile, the individual and societal impacts of untreated OSA make effective treatment a priority. Although extensive research has been conducted into factors that impact PAP use, it is estimated that at least half of users do not use it as prescribed.

What is the relationship between people with dementia and their caregiver's illness perceptions post-diagnosis and the impact on help-seeking behaviour? A systematic review.

As the number of people with dementia increases, more families will be affected by the daily challenges of providing effective support, given its current incurable status. Once individuals are diagnosed with dementia, the earlier they access support, the more effective the outcome. However, once people receive a diagnosis, how they make sense of their dementia can impact on their help-seeking intentions.

The role of chronotype and reward processing in understanding social hierarchies in adolescence.

Introduction: Circadian rhythms shift toward an evening preference during adolescence, a developmental period marked by greater focus on the social domain and salience of social hierarchies. The circadian system influences maturation of cognitive architecture responsible for motivation and reward, and observation of responses to reward cues has provided insights into neurocognitive processes that underpin adolescent social development. The objective was to investigate whether circadian phase of entrainment (chronotype) predicted both reward-related response inhibition and social status, and to explore whether mediator and moderator relationships existed between chronotype, reward processing, and social status outcomes.

A qualitative exploration of how people with bipolar disorder consider risk-taking in everyday decisions.

Background: Difficulties with decision making and risk taking in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) have been associated with mood episodes. However, there is limited information about these experiences during euthymia, the mood state where people with BD spent the majority of their time.

Aims: To examine how individuals with BD consider risk in everyday decisions during their euthymic phase.

Nonparametric time series summary statistics for high-frequency accelerometry data from individuals with advanced dementia.

Accelerometry data has been widely used to measure activity and the circadian rhythm of individuals across the health sciences, in particular with people with advanced dementia. Modern accelerometers can record continuous observations on a single individual for several days at a sampling frequency of the order of one hertz. Such rich and lengthy data sets provide new opportunities for statistical insight, but also pose challenges in selecting from a wide range of possible summary statistics, and how the calculation of such statistics should be optimally tuned and implemented.

Peer support to maintain psychological wellbeing in people with advanced cancer: findings from a feasibility study for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Advanced cancer affects people's lives, often causing stress, anxiety and depression. Peer mentor interventions are used to address psychosocial concerns, but their outcomes and effect are not known. Our objective was to determine the feasibility of delivering and investigating a novel peer mentor intervention to promote and maintain psychological wellbeing in people with advanced cancer.

Evaluating and Validating GBI Mania and Depression Short Forms for Self-Report of Mood Symptoms.

: To evaluate short forms of free self-report mania and depression scales, evaluating their reliability, content coverage, criterion validity, and diagnostic accuracy.: Youths age 11 to 18 years seeking outpatient mental health services at either an Academic medical clinic ( = 427) or urban Community mental health center ( = 313), completed the General Behavior Inventory (GBI) and other rating scales. Youths and caregivers completed semi-structured interviews to establish diagnoses and mood symptom severity, with GBI scores masked during diagnosis.

Peer Mentors for People with Advanced Cancer: Lessons Learnt from Recruiting and Training Peer Mentors for a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial.

Peer mentors may offer distinctive forms of support to people with advanced cancer. Whilst peer mentor programmes are known, little is understood about recruiting and training peer mentors to support those with advanced cancer. The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of recruiting and training peer mentors for a novel peer mentor intervention to promote well-being in people with advanced cancer.

A group intervention to improve quality of life for people with advanced dementia living in care homes: the Namaste feasibility cluster RCT.

Background: People with advanced dementia who live and die in nursing homes experience variable quality of life, care and dying. There is a need to identify appropriate, cost-effective interventions that facilitate high-quality end-of-life care provision.

Objectives: To establish the feasibility and acceptability to staff and family of conducting a cluster randomised controlled trial of the Namaste Care intervention for people with advanced dementia in nursing homes.

Are the MORECare guidelines on reporting of attrition in palliative care research populations appropriate? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Background: Palliative care trials have higher rates of attrition. The MORECare guidance recommends applying classifications of attrition to report attrition to help interpret trial results. The guidance separates attrition into three categories: attrition due to death, illness or at random.

Maternal personality traits moderate treatment response in the Multimodal Treatment Study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Some mothers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present with maladaptive personality profiles (high neuroticism, low conscientiousness). The moderating effect of maternal personality traits on treatment outcomes for childhood ADHD has not been examined. We evaluate whether maternal neuroticism and conscientiousness moderated response in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD.

Is the Finding Too Good to Be True? Moving from "More Is Better" to Thinking in Terms of Simple Predictions and Credibility.

In 2018, De Los Reyes and Langer expanded the scope of the Evidence Base Updates series to include reviews of psychological assessment techniques. In keeping with the goal of offering clear "take-home messages" about the evidence underlying the technique, experts have proposed a rubric for evaluating the reliability and validity support. Changes in the research environment and pressures in the peer review process, as well as a lack of familiarity with some statistical methods, have created a situation in which many findings that appear "excellent" in the rubric are likely to be "too good to be true," in the sense that they are unlikely to generalize to clinical settings or are unlikely to be reproduced in independent samples.

Decision-making and risk in bipolar disorder: A quantitative study using fuzzy trace theory.

Objectives: This study characterizes risk-taking behaviours in a group of people with a self-reported diagnosis of BD using fuzzy trace theory (FTT). FTT hypothesizes that risk-taking is a 'reasoned' (but sometimes faulty) action, rather than an impulsive act associated with mood fluctuations.

Design: We tested whether measures of FTT (verbatim and gist-based thinking) were predictive of risk-taking intentions in BD, after controlling for mood and impulsivity.

Namaste Care in nursing care homes for people with advanced dementia: protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Many people living with advanced dementia live and die in nursing care homes. The quality of life, care and dying experienced by these people is variable. Namaste Care is a multisensory programme of care developed for people with advanced dementia.

Blue blocking glasses worn at night in first year higher education students with sleep complaints: a feasibility study.

Background: Late adolescence and early adulthood is a period of highest incidence for onset of mental health problems. Transition to college environment has been associated with many risk factors such as the initial disruption-and subsequent irregularity-of the student's sleep and activity schedule. We tested the feasibility of using blue blocking glasses (BBG) at night in first year higher education students with sleep complaints, to obtain preliminary evidence for the impact of BBG on sleep, activity, and mood.