spiders (Trechaleidae) from southern Mexico: DNA barcoding, venomics, and biological effect.

Background: Members of the genus Simon, 1891 are categorized as wandering spiders and are part of the family Trechaleidae. The genomics and proteomics of spiders from North America remain uncharacterized. The present study explores for the first time molecular data from the endemic species Medina, 2006, and also presents new data for (Keyserling, 1878), both collected in southern Mexico.

The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico.

The American genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis, 1940 (Araneae, Phrurolithidae) was described on the basis of two species from northern Mexico. Recently, four species were described from Central and South Mexico and one species was transferred to this genus. Here we describe the males of Phonotimpus separatus Gertsch & Davis (the type species) and P.

Transcriptome analysis of the spider reveals novel toxin transcripts.

Background: (Araneae, Phrurolithidae) is a small-sized (3-5 mm) spider endemic to the Tacaná volcano in Chiapas, Mexico, where it is found in soil litter of cloud forests and coffee plantations. Its venom composition has so far not been investigated, partly because it is not a species of medical significance. However, it does have an important impact on the arthropod populations of its natural habitat.

A new species of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch amp; Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from Mexico and the transfer of Gosiphrurus schulzefenai Chamberlin amp; Ivie to Phonotimpus.

Phonotimpus padillai sp. nov. is described on the basis of morphological characteristics of both sexes: males are easily distinguished by the shape of the embolus and females by the shape of the copulatory openings.

Four new species of the genus Novalena Chamberlin amp; Ivie, 1942 (Araneae: Agelenidae) from southeastern Mexican montane forests and first record of ocular anomaly in the genus.

Four new species of the spider genus Novalena Chamberlin Ivie, 1942 are described: N. bola sp. nov.

Diversity and seasonal variation of ground and understory spiders from a tropical mountain cloud forest.

We made intensive samplings to study the seasonal response of spiders across different forest strata (ground and understory) in a tropical mountain cloud forest from Mexico. We sampled spiders from ten plots in six sampling events during the dry and rainy season, to analyze their abundance, structure (distribution of abundance among species), diversity and the response of the five dominant species at each stratum. Results demonstrated that seasonal patterns of spider communities differed among strata, revealing a complex spatiotemporal dynamic.

A new species of Phonotimpus Gertsch Davis, 1940 (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from Mexico.

The genus Phonotimpus Gertsch Davis, 1940 includes four species all known only from Mexico (World Spider Catalog 2018). P. separatus and P.

A new species of the spider genus Wirada (Araneae, Theridiidae) from Mexico, with taxonomic notes on the genus and a key to the species.

Wirada Keyserling, 1886 is one of the smallest genera of Theridiidae with only five South American species (World Spider Catalog 2018). Keyserling (1886) described first Wirada punctata (male) from Peru. Simon (1895) described W.

Redescription of Phonotimpus separatus Gertsch Davis, 1940 (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) and description of two new species of Phonotimpus from Mexico.

The female of Phonotimpus separatus Gertsch Davis (the type species of the genus) is redescribed from a specimen collected at the type locality, and two new species of Phonotimpus from Mexico are described: P. pennimani sp. nov.

Natural Enemies of the Frankliniella Complex Species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Ataulfo Mango Agroecosystems.

A field survey was conducted in Ataulfo mango (Mangifera indica L.) orchards in Chiapas, Mexico, with the objective of determining the natural enemies of the Frankliniella complex species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Seven species of this genus feed and reproduce in large numbers during the mango flowering.

A new species of the spider genus Taczanowskia (Araneae, Araneidae) from Mexico.

A new species of the spider genus Taczanowskia, T. gustavoi n. sp.

Queen dimorphism and reproductive capacity in the ponerine ant, Ectatomma ruidum Roger.

We report here the first case of queen dimorphism in a ponerine ant species. A total of 550 colonies of the Neotropical ponerine ant Ectatomma ruidum, from two natural populations in southeastern Mexico, were investigated for polymorphism and reproductive function within the queen caste. The distribution of different morphological traits (head and thorax widths, and scutum and alitrunk lengths) was shown to be bimodal.