Metabolomics and proteomics insights into hepatic responses of weaned piglets to dietary Spirulina inclusion and lysozyme supplementation.

Background: Studying the effect of dietary Spirulina and lysozyme supplementation on the metabolome and proteome of liver tissue contributes to understanding potential hepatic adaptations of piglets to these novel diets. This study aimed to understand the influence of including 10% Spirulina on the metabolome and proteome of piglet liver tissue. Three groups of 10 post-weaned piglets, housed in pairs, were fed for 28 days with one of three experimental diets: a cereal and soybean meal-based diet (Control), a base diet with 10% Spirulina (SP), and an SP diet supplemented with 0.

Effect of dietary Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) on the intestinal function of post-weaned piglet: An approach combining proteomics, metabolomics and histological studies.

The effect of dietary Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and CAZyme supplementation was assessed on the gut of weaned piglets, using an integrated NMR-metabolomics approach combined with Tandem Mass Tag labelled proteomics. Thirty weaned male piglets were assigned to one of the three following diets (n = 10): cereal and soybean meal basal diet (Control), basal diet with 10% Spirulina inclusion (SP) and SP diet supplemented with 0.01% lysozyme (SP + L).

Influence of dietary Spirulina inclusion and lysozyme supplementation on the longissimus lumborum muscle proteome of newly weaned piglets.

Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) is a microalga with a high content of crude protein. It has a recalcitrant cell wall that limits the accessibility of the animal endogenous enzymes to its intracellular nutrients. Enzymatic supplementation aiming to degrade cell walls could benefit microalgae digestibility.

Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) Proteomic Analysis of Saliva in Horses with Acute Abdominal Disease.

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the salivary proteome in horses with acute abdominal disease (AAD) using a tandem mass tags (TMT)-based proteomic approach. The saliva samples from eight horses with AAD were compared with six healthy horses in the proteomic study. Additionally, saliva samples from eight horses with AAD and eight controls were used to validate lactoferrin (LF) in saliva.

Novel biomarkers in cats with congestive heart failure due to primary cardiomyopathy.

The pathogenesis of feline cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure (CHF) requires further understanding. In this study, we assessed serum proteome change in feline CHF, aiming to identify novel biomarker for both research and clinical use. The study comprised 15 cats in CHF, 5 cats in preclinical cardiomyopathy and 15 cats as healthy controls.

Extracellular vesicles in infectious diseases caused by protozoan parasites in buffaloes.

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound vesicles of growing interest in vetetinary parasitology. The aim of the present report was to provide the first isolation, quantification and protein characterization of EVs from buffalo ( sera infected with spp.

Methods: Infected animals were identified through optical microscopy and PCR.

The plasma proteome and the acute phase protein response in canine pyometra.

Canine pyometra is a common inflammatory disease of uterus in sexually mature bitches caused by secondary bacterial infection, leading to change in plasma proteins associated with the innate immune system. Proteomic investigation is increasingly being applied to canine diseases in order to identify and quantify significant changes in the plasma proteome. The aim of the study was to assess and quantify changes in plasma proteome profiles of healthy dogs and pyometra affected bitches using a TMT-based high-resolution quantitative proteomic approach.

Metabolome and proteome changes in skeletal muscle and blood of pre-weaning calves fed leucine and threonine supplemented diets.

In pre-weaning calves, both leucine and threonine play important roles in growth and muscle metabolism. In this study, metabolomics, proteomics and clinical chemistry were used to assess the effects of leucine and threonine supplementation added to milk replacer on 14 newborn Holstein male calves: 7 were fed a control diet (Ctrl) and 7 were fed the Ctrl diet supplemented with 0.3% leucine and 0.

Differences on salivary proteome at rest and in response to an acute exercise in men and women: A pilot study.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the differences in salivary proteome at rest and in response to an acute exercise in men and women. For this, unstimulated whole saliva samples in rest and after a bout resistance exercise leading to failure (ELF) of both men and women (n = 5 for each sex) were subjected to isobaric Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) labelling followed by LC-MS/MS. A total of 274 proteins were identified and met the inclusion criteria.

Changes in saliva of dogs with canine leishmaniosis: A proteomic approach.

In the present study, a quantitative proteomic approach to study changes in saliva proteins associated with canine leishmaniosis (CanL) was performed. For this, canine salivary proteins were analysed and compared between dogs before (T0) and after (T1) experimental infection with Leishmania infantum by high-throughput label-based quantitative LC-MS/MS proteomic approach and bioinformatic analysis of the in silico inferred interactome protein network was created from the initial list of differential proteins. More than 2000 proteins were identified, and of the 90 differentially expressed proteins between T0 and T1, 12 were down-regulated with log2 fold change lower than -0.

Changes in saliva proteins in two conditions of compromised welfare in pigs: An experimental induced stress by nose snaring and lameness.

The aim of this study was to identify biological pathways and proteins differentially expressed in saliva of pigs in two conditions of compromised welfare: an acute stress consisting of restraint with a nose snare and in pigs with lameness which is a highly frequent problem in the swine industry. For this purpose, high-resolution quantitative proteomics based on Tandem Mass Tags labelling was used. Four proteins showed significant differences in the conditions of compromised welfare, namely cornulin, the heat shock protein 27 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), that showed significant increases, whereas immunoglobulin J chain showed a significant decrease.

Identification of possible new salivary biomarkers of stress in sheep using a high-resolution quantitative proteomic technique.

The aim of this study was to identify biological pathways and proteins differentially expressed in the saliva proteome of sheep after the application of a model of stress, using high-resolution quantitative proteomics. In addition, one of the proteins differently expressed was verified and evaluated as a possible biomarker of stress in this species. Saliva paired samples from eight sheep before and after the application of a model of stress based on shearing were analysed using tandem mass tags (TMT).

Identification of changes in serum analytes and possible metabolic pathways associated with canine obesity-related metabolic dysfunction.

The main objective of this study was to identify analytes that could change and that could help to clarify the metabolic and physiopathological changes related to canine obesity-related metabolic dysfunction (ORMD). For this, serum from 35 overweight/obese dogs, with and without ORMD, was submitted to a comprehensive panel of biochemistry analysis, a gel-free tandem mass tag isobaric label-based proteomic analysis, and, finally, selected proteins were used as a starting point for creating a protein interaction network. Dogs with ORMD showed significantly higher serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Ca, total proteins, albumin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity in comparison with dogs without ORMD.

Integrated dataset on acute phase protein response in chicken challenged with lipopolysaccharide endotoxin.

Data herein describe the quantitative changes in the plasma proteome in chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin known to stimulate the host innate immune system obtained by shotgun quantitative proteomic tandem mass tags approach using high-resolution Orbitrap technology. Statistical and bioinformatic analyses were performed to specify the effect of bacterial endotoxin. Plasma from chicken (N=6) challenged with (LPS) (2 mg/kg body weight) was collected pre (0 h) and at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h post injection along with plasma from a control group (N=6) challenged with sterile saline.

Changes in salivary analytes in canine parvovirus: A high-resolution quantitative proteomic study.

The present study evaluated the changes in salivary proteome in parvoviral enteritis (PVE) in dogs through a high-throughput quantitative proteomic analysis. Saliva samples from healthy dogs and dogs with severe parvovirosis that survived or perished due to the disease were analysed and compared by Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) analysis. Proteomic analysis quantified 1516 peptides, and 287 (corresponding to 190 proteins) showed significantly different abundances between studied groups.

Quantitative proteomics using tandem mass tags in relation to the acute phase protein response in chicken challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide endotoxin.

The inflammatory response in chickens (Gallus Gallus domesticus) is an integral part of the bird's response to infection. Detailing proteomic changes occurring during infection would be beneficial to the poultry industry, offering opportunities for comparative pathophysiological analysis. The objective of this study was to quantify the changes in the plasma proteome in chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin known to stimulate the host innate immune system.

Proteomics in Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science: Neglected Scientific Opportunities with Immediate Impact.

Animal/veterinary proteomics is an evolving field which holds a great promise not only for fundamental and applied discoveries regarding biology and pathology of domestic species, but can also be implemented in comparative applications of human diseases research. Experimental proteomics in domestic animals have advantages over use of rodents, such as multiple sampling in time series and availability of biological samples in sufficient volume for multiple analyses, such that both experimental and natural disease processes can be investigated. While there are certain technical limitations in the expansion of the field, they can currently be circumvented and in the future mastered with a greater participation of proteomic experts, which will in turn drive the accessibility of species-specific reagents, data volume expansion in bioinformatic databases, and increased funding.

Surface Proteome Biotinylation Combined with Bioinformatic Tools as a Strategy for Predicting Pathogen Interacting Proteins.

Constant advancements in methodology and mass spectrometry instrumentation, genome sequencing and bioinformatic tools have enabled the identification of numerous pathogen proteomes. Identifying the pathogen interacting proteins by means of high-throughput techniques is key for understanding pathogen invasion and survival mechanisms and in such a way proposing specific proteins as pharmaceutical targets. Herein we describe the methodology for the enrichment and identification of pathogen surface proteome using cell surface protein biotinylation followed by LC-MS/MS and bioinformatic analyses of such data.

The Challenges and Advances in Diagnosis of Vector-Borne Diseases: Where Do We Stand?

Vector-borne diseases (VBD) are of major importance to human and animal health. In recent years, VBD have been emerging or re-emerging in many geographical areas, alarming new disease threats and economic losses. The precise diagnosis of many of these diseases still remains a major challenge because of the lack of comprehensive data available on accurate and reliable diagnostic methods.

New approaches and omics tools for mining of vaccine candidates against vector-borne diseases.

Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) present a major threat to human and animal health, as well as place a substantial burden on livestock production. As a way of sustainable VBD control, focus is set on vaccine development. Advances in genomics and other "omics" over the past two decades have given rise to a "third generation" of vaccines based on technologies such as reverse vaccinology, functional genomics, immunomics, structural vaccinology and the systems biology approach.

Library-based display technologies: where do we stand?

Over the past two decades, library-based display technologies have been staggeringly optimized since their appearance in order to mimic the process of natural molecular evolution. Display technologies are essential for the isolation of specific high-affinity binding molecules (proteins, polypeptides, nucleic acids and others) for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer, infectious diseases, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, inflammatory pathologies etc. Applications extend to other fields such as antibody and enzyme engineering, cell-free protein synthesis and the discovery of protein-protein interactions.

High-throughput proteomics and the fight against pathogens.

Pathogens pose a major threat to human and animal welfare. Understanding the interspecies host-pathogen protein-protein interactions could lead to the development of novel strategies to combat infectious diseases through the rapid development of new therapeutics. The first step in understanding the host-pathogen crosstalk is to identify interacting proteins in order to define crucial hot-spots in the host-pathogen interactome, such as the proposed pharmaceutical targets by means of high-throughput proteomic methodologies.