An alternative and effective method for extracting skeletal organic matrix adapted to the red coral Corallium rubrum.

Skeleton formation in corals is a biologically controlled process in which an extracellular organic matrix (OM) is entrapped inside the calcified structure. The analysis of OM requires a time-consuming and tedious extraction that includes grinding, demineralization, multiple rinsing and concentration steps. Here we present an alternative and straightforward method for the red coral Corallium rubrum that requires little equipment and saves steps.

Transient Receptor Potential-Vanilloid (TRPV1-TRPV4) Channels in the Atlantic Salmon, . A Focus on the Pineal Gland and Melatonin Production.

Fish are ectotherm, which rely on the external temperature to regulate their internal body temperature, although some may perform partial endothermy. Together with photoperiod, temperature oscillations, contribute to synchronizing the daily and seasonal variations of fish metabolism, physiology and behavior. Recent studies are shedding light on the mechanisms of temperature sensing and behavioral thermoregulation in fish.

Ontogenetic expression rhythms of visual opsins in senegalese sole are modulated by photoperiod and light spectrum.

In the fish retina, rods and cones are responsible for nocturnal vision and colour perception, respectively, and exhibit a repertoire of light-sensitive opsin photopigments that permits the adaptation to different photic environment. The metamorphosis of Senegalese sole determines a migration from pelagic to benthic environments, which is accompanied by essential changes in light intensity and spectrum. In this paper, we analysed the daily expression rhythms of rod opsin and five cone opsins during sole ontogeny in animals maintained under light-dark cycles of white (LDW), blue (LDB), red (LDR) and continuous white (LL) lights.

The gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone system of fish: The case of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax).

Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide belonging to the RFamide peptide family that was first discovered in quail by Tsutsui and co-workers in the year 2000. Since then, different GnIH orthologues have been identified in all vertebrate groups, from agnathans to mammals. These GnIH genes synthesize peptide precursors that encompass two to four C-terminal LPXRFamide peptides.

Developmental changes and day-night expression of the gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone system in the European sea bass: Effects of rearing temperature.

The role of rearing temperature on fish development, sex differentiation and puberty has been largely addressed, but the impact of water temperature on the ontogeny of the main neuroendocrine systems controlling reproduction has received little attention. Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) has been shown to act on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and on the pituitary to inhibit gonadotropin release and synthesis in vertebrates, including sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. In the present study we investigated the effects of rearing temperature during the thermosensitive period (5-60days post-fertilization, dpf) on the expression of the GnIH gene (gnih) and its receptor (gnihr).