Postmortem CT and MRI for detecting bowel obstruction in cases of pediatric sepsis deaths.

This article describes the utility of postmortem CT and MRI in diagnosing pediatric bowel obstruction (BO) as the cause of septic shock-induced death. Six pediatric cases with confirmed septic shock were retrospectively analyzed. Postmortem CT scans revealed clear signs of BO in all cases, with volvulus, intussusception, diaphragmatic hernia, or Meckel's diverticulum identified.

Pregnancy in Times of War: What Are the Fallouts? A Review.

Background: The beginning of the conflict in Ukraine has reminded Europeans of the many and diverse consequences of armed conflicts. Indeed, the ever more sophisticated conflicts have led to the diffusion of numerous chemicals whose consequences spread even after the end of the war. We present through this paper a review of the consequences of pregnancies from the major conflicts that took place since the end of World War II.

Discovery of pathogenic variants in EFEMP2 and RAG1 and undetectable fetal phenotype: A challenge of prenatal exome sequencing.

Background: Exome sequencing in prenatal context confronts with pathogenic variants associated with phenotypes that are not detectable prenatally.

Materials And Methods: A consanguineous couple was referred at 24 weeks of gestation for prenatal genetic investigations after ultrasonography findings including decreased fetal movements, hypoplastic male external genitalia, retrognathia, prefrontal edema, anomalies of the great vessels with pulmonary atresia and dilated tortuous aorta.

Result: Prenatal trio exome sequencing identified two homozygous likely pathogenic variants, i.

Using the Textual Content of Radiological Reports to Detect Emerging Diseases: A Proof-of-Concept Study of COVID-19.

Changes in the content of radiological reports at population level could detect emerging diseases. Herein, we developed a method to quantify similarities in consecutive temporal groupings of radiological reports using natural language processing, and we investigated whether appearance of dissimilarities between consecutive periods correlated with the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in France. CT reports from 67,368 consecutive adults across 62 emergency departments throughout France between October 2019 and March 2020 were collected.

Early prenatal diagnosis of causative homozygous variants in ASCC1 in a fetus with cystic hygroma and additional homozygous variants of unknown significance associated with a neurological phenotype not visible in early gestation: Dual diagnosis or not?

A consanguineous couple was referred at 10 weeks of gestation (WG) for prenatal genetic investigations due to isolated cystic hygroma. Prenatal trio exome sequencing identified causative homozygous truncating variants in ASCC1 previously implicated in spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures. Prenatal manifestations in ASCC1 can usually include hydramnios, fetal hypo-/akinesia, arthrogryposis, contractures and limb deformities, hydrops fetalis and cystic hygroma.

Emergency department CT examinations demonstrate no evidence of early viral circulation at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic-a multicentre epidemiological study.

Background: Biological studies suggested that the COVID-19 outbreak in France occurred before the first official diagnosis on January 24, 2020. We investigated this controversial topic using a large collection of chest CTs performed throughout French emergency departments within 6 months before the 1st lockdown.

Results: Overall, 49,311 consecutive patients (median age: 60 years, 23,636/49,311 [47.

Risk Factors Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury and Implementation of Guidelines for Requesting Computed Tomography After Head Trauma Among Children in France.

Importance: Pediatric traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a leading cause of death and disability. The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) guidelines provide a framework for requesting head computed tomography (HCT) after pediatric head trauma (PHT); however, quantitative data are lacking regarding both TBIs found on HCT and justification of the HCT request according to the PECARN guidelines.

Objectives: To evaluate the types, frequencies, and risk factors for TBIs on HCT in children referred to emergency departments (EDs) who underwent HCT for PHT and to evaluate quality of HCT request.

Impact of Vaccination and the Omicron Variant on COVID-19-related Chest CT Findings: A Multicenter Study.

Background The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has a higher infection rate than previous variants but results in less severe disease. However, the effects of Omicron and vaccination on chest CT findings are difficult to evaluate. Purpose To investigate the effect of vaccination status and predominant variant on chest CT findings, diagnostic scores, and severity scores in a multicenter sample of consecutive patients referred to emergency departments for proven COVID-19.

Emergency whole-body CT scans in pediatric patients with trauma: patterns of injuries, yield of dual-phase scanning, and influence of second read on detection of injuries.

Objectives: To describe injury patterns in children with multiple trauma (MT), evaluate the yield of dual-phase whole-body CT (WBCT), and quantify missed injuries detected on second reading.

Methods: Remotely analyzed WBCT performed between 2011 and 2020 in 63 emergency departments on children admitted for MT were included. Second reading occurred within 24 h.

What Influences the Way Radiologists Express Themselves in Their Reports? A Quantitative Assessment Using Natural Language Processing.

Although using standardized reports is encouraged, most emergency radiological reports in France remain in free-text format that can be mined with natural language processing for epidemiological purposes, activity monitoring or data collection. These reports are obtained under various on-call conditions by radiologists with various backgrounds. Our aim was to investigate what influences the radiologists' written expressions.

How artificial intelligence improves radiological interpretation in suspected pulmonary embolism.

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the diagnostic performances of a commercialized artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for diagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) on CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) with those of emergency radiologists in routine clinical practice.

Methods: This was an IRB-approved retrospective multicentric study including patients with suspected PE from September to December 2019 (i.e.

Pictorial review of the postmortem computed tomography in neonaticide cases.

Neonaticide is defined by the deliberate killing or homicide of a child within 24 h of its birth. In this context, three fundamental questions are generally asked of the forensic pathologist: what is the cause of death of the neonate? Was the child viable (i.e.

Emergency teleradiological activity is an epidemiological estimator and predictor of the covid-19 pandemic in mainland France.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for real-time monitoring of diseases evolution to rapidly adapt restrictive measures. This prospective multicentric study aimed at investigating radiological markers of COVID-19-related emergency activity as global estimators of pandemic evolution in France. We incorporated two sources of data from March to November 2020: an open-source epidemiological dataset, collecting daily hospitalisations, intensive care unit admissions, hospital deaths and discharges, and a teleradiology dataset corresponding to the weekly number of CT-scans performed in 65 emergency centres and interpreted remotely.

Computed Tomographic Changes in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis Treated by Combination Therapy with Lumacaftor and Ivacaftor.

Background: As Cystic Fibrosis (CF) treatments drastically improved in recent years, tools to assess their efficiency need to be properly evaluated, especially cross-sectional imaging techniques. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan response to combined lumacaftor- ivacaftor therapy (Orkambi) in patients with homozygous for F508del CFTR has not yet been assessed.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study in two French reference centers in CF in Marseille hospitals, including teenagers (>12 years old) and adults (>18 years) who had received lumacaftor-ivacaftor and for whom we had at disposal at least two CT scans, one at before therapy and one at least six months after therapy start.

Practical clinical and radiological models to diagnose COVID-19 based on a multicentric teleradiological emergency chest CT cohort.

Our aim was to develop practical models built with simple clinical and radiological features to help diagnosing Coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] in a real-life emergency cohort. To do so, 513 consecutive adult patients suspected of having COVID-19 from 15 emergency departments from 2020-03-13 to 2020-04-14 were included as long as chest CT-scans and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results were available (244 [47.6%] with a positive RT-PCR).

Technical feasibility and correlations between shear-wave elastography and histology in kidney fibrosis in children.

Background: Ultrasound elastography has been suggested for assessing organ fibrosis.

Objective: To study the feasibility of shear-wave elastography in children with kidney disease and the correlation between elasticity and kidney fibrosis in order to reduce the indications for kidney biopsy and its complications.

Materials And Methods: Four operators measured kidney elasticity in children with kidney diseases or transplants, all of whom also had a renal biopsy.

Teleradiology as a relevant indicator of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic management on emergency room activities: a nationwide worrisome survey.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of COVID-19's lockdown on radiological examinations in emergency services.

Methods: Retrospective, multicentre analysis of radiological examinations requested, via our teleradiology network, from 2017 to 2020 during two timeframes (calendar weeks 5-8 and then 12-15). We included CT scans or MRIs performed for strokes, multiple traumas (Body-CT), cranial traumas (CTr) and acute non-traumatic abdominal pain (ANTAP).