Driving simulator scenarios and measures to faithfully evaluate risky driving behavior: A comparative study of different driver age groups.

To investigate the links between mental workload, age and risky driving, a cross-sectional study was conducted on a driving simulator using several established and some novel measures of driving ability and scenarios of varying complexity. A sample of 115 drivers was divided into three age and experience groups: young inexperienced (18-21 years old), adult experienced (25-55 years old) and older adult (70-86 years old). Participants were tested on three different scenarios varying in mental workload from low to high.

Enhancing data visualisation to capture the simulator sickness phenomenon: On the usefulness of radar charts.

The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled "" (Chaumillon et al., 2017) [1]. In an outstanding first demonstration, Kennedy et al.

Interaction between the oculomotor and postural systems during a dual-task: Compensatory reductions in head sway following visually-induced postural perturbations promote the production of accurate double-step saccades in standing human adults.

Humans routinely scan their environment for useful information using saccadic eye movements and/or coordinated movements of the eyes and other body segments such the head and the torso. Most previous eye movement studies were conducted with seated subject and showed that single saccades and sequences of saccades (e.g.

Myopes Show Greater Visually Induced Postural Responses Than Emmetropes.

Purpose: The literature already establishes that vision plays a crucial role in postural control and that this visual dependence shows intra- and interindividual variability. However, does ametropia also have an effect on postural control? This question leads to our study, which aims primarily to determine if myopes and emmetropes behave differently in terms of postural control when subjected to visual stimulation, and secondarily, if this difference persists in the presence of barrel and pincushion distortions. The results could lead, among other things, to improved lens design.

Head-Eye Coordination Increases with Age and Varies across Countries.

Purpose: Head movements in older people may contribute to their dizziness and equilibrium problems. Head gain is the ratio of head movement to total movement (head + eye) when executing a saccade to an eccentric target. Two studies have investigated the relationship between head gain and age but have provided conflicting results.

Differential integration of visual and kinaesthetic signals to upright stance.

The present experiment was designed to assess the effect of active (deliberate) maintenance of a small forward (FL) or backward body lean (BL) (about 2° ankle flexion) with respect to the spontaneous direction of balance (or neutral posture, N) on postural balance. We questioned whether BL and FL stances, which impose a volitional proprioceptive control of the body-on-support angle, could efficiently reduce mediolateral displacements of the centre of pressure (CoP) induced by the visual motion of a room and darkness. Subjects (n = 15) were asked to stand upright quietly feet together while confronted to a large visual scene rolling to 10° on either side in peripheral vision (and surrounding vertical visual references in central vision) at 0.

The role of body centre of mass on haptic subjective vertical.

We examined to which extent proprioceptive information involved in the perception of subjective vertical corresponded to mechanical mass-based axes of the body. Blindfolded subjects (n=14) estimated their subjective vertical in conditions of deviation of the centre of mass (CM) of (1) the head-trunk unit or (2) the head segment alone. Verticality estimates (provided in a haptic modality) were significantly altered by the deviation of the head-trunk CM (by either 4 degrees or 7 degrees), indicating that the subjects used mass-based proprioceptive information stemming from the trunk.

Assessment of visual field dependence: comparison between the mechanical 3D rod-and-frame test developed by Oltman in 1968 with a 2D computer-based version.

The identification of subject's perceptual style regarding multisensory integration is a central issue for spatial perception and sensorimotricity. In spatial orientation studies, the weighting of visual frame of reference (visual field dependence) is classically assessed by using verticality perception tasks, and especially the mechanical 3D rod-and-frame test (3D RFT). The validation of a 2D computer-based version of the RFT by virtue of its portability would facilitate the identification of modes of spatial referencing for the design and evaluation of sensory and motor rehabilitation programs.

Age-related changes of visual contribution in posture control.

Introduction: Numerous studies highlighted that the role of vision in posture control increased with aging. However, these previous works only considered simple tasks consisting in "stand as still as possible" and people aged over 65 years. The present study aimed to determine changes in the role of vision in posture control during two different visual tasks for people aged between 40 and 60 years.

Object localization in blurred and jumbled scenes: differences between myopic and emmetropic observers.

Purpose: To compare the effects of transient blur constraints on the perception of natural scenes in myopic and emmetropic observers. When natural images are blurred, the global structure of the scene-its context-becomes essential for decision making. The authors also aimed to control whether the difference in performance between myopes and emmetropes, if any, resulted from the ability to use contextual information or the ability to process blurred features.