Spatiotemporal reorganization of corticostriatal networks encodes motor skill learning.

Motor skill learning requires the activity of the dorsal striatum, with a differential global implication of the dorsomedial and dorsolateral territories. We investigate here whether and how specific striatal neurons encode the acquisition and consolidation of a motor skill. Using ex vivo two-photon calcium imaging after rotarod training, we report that highly active (HA) striatal populations arise from distinct spatiotemporal reorganization in the dorsomedial (DMS) and dorsolateral (DLS) striatum networks and are correlated with learning performance.

Brain tissue classification from stereoelectroencephalographic recordings.

Background: Stereoelectroencephalographic (SEEG) recordings can be performed before final resective surgery in some drug-resistant patients with focal epilepsies. For good SEEG signal interpretation, it is important to correctly identify the brain tissue in which each contact is inserted. Tissue classification is usually done with the coregistration of CT scan (with implanted SEEG electrodes) with preoperative MRI.

Functional connectivity is preserved but reorganized across several anesthetic regimes.

Under anesthesia, systemic variables and CBF are modified. How does this alter the connectivity measures obtained with rs-fMRI? To tackle this question, we explored the effect of four different anesthetics on Long Evans and Wistar rats with multimodal recordings of rs-fMRI, systemic variables and CBF. After multimodal signal processing, we show that the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) variations and functional connectivity (FC) evaluated at low frequencies (0.

Classification of epileptic motor manifestations and detection of tonic-clonic seizures with acceleration norm entropy.

In this paper, three triaxis accelerometers positioned on the wrists and the head of epileptic patients submitted to long-term video electroencephalographic monitoring as part of presurgical investigation are evaluated to characterize the different classes of motor manifestations observed during seizures. Quadratic discriminant classifiers are trained on features extracted from 1 or 4 s windows. It is shown that a simple rule applied to the acceleration norm entropy HnA produces the best performances compared to other classifiers trained on other feature sets.

Morphometry and localization of the temporal transverse Heschl's gyrus in magnetic resonance imaging: a guide for cortical stimulation of chronic tinnitus.

Purpose: Subjective tinnitus is considered a phantom auditory phenomenon. Recent studies show that electrical or magnetic stimulation of the cortex can alleviate some tinnitus. The usual target of the stimulation is the primary auditory cortex (PAC) on Heschl's gyrus (HG).

Definition of a stereotactic 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging template of the human insula.

Background: This study proposes a 3-dimensional (3-D) template of the insula in the bicommissural reference system with posterior commissure (PC) as the center of coordinates.

Objective: Using the bicommissural anterior commissure (AC)-PC reference system, this study aimed to define a template and design a method for the 3-D reconstruction of the human insula that may be used at an individual level during stereotactic surgery.

Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based morphometric analysis was performed on 100 cerebral cortices with normal insulae based on a 3-step procedure: Step 1: AC-PC reference system-based reconstruction of the insula from the 1-mm thick 3-D T1-weighted MRI slices.

Classification of epileptic motor manifestations using inertial and magnetic sensors.

In order to characterize objectively the succession of movements observed during motor seizures, inertial and magnetic sensors were placed on epileptic patients. Video recordings synchronized with motion recordings were analyzed visually during seizures and divided, for each limb, into events corresponding to different classes of motor manifestations. For each classified event, features were extracted and a subset selection was automated using artificial neural networks.

MRI-based definition of a stereotactic two-dimensional template of the human insula.

Objective: This study aimed to create a stereotactic two-dimensional description of the human insula based on accurate radiological morphometric studies.

Methods: Seventy-five normal cerebral MRIs were selected and drawings of the insula then obtained from serial sagittal slices. These drawings were digitalized before superimposing the anterior (AC) and posterior (PC) commissures as references.

Collection and exploratory analysis of attitude sensor data in an epilepsy monitoring unit.

The aim of this paper is to present the collection of attitude sensor data from an epilepsy monitoring unit and the results of standard exploration using principal component analysis. The collection of data from attitude sensors positioned on three limbs of epileptic patients at their bedside is described. The analysis of the data focuses, on one hand, on motor features extraction from attitude sensor data and on the other hand, on visual segmentation of seizures into events corresponding to motor manifestations classes by an expert.

Evaluation of a device scoring classes of hemorrhagic shock.

In order to evaluate the feasibility of a device scoring classes of hemorrhagic shock, a multivariate analysis of physiological data collected on swine enduring continuous blood loss was conducted. Raw data sampled at up to 500 Hz were first preprocessed and used for features extraction over period of 1 mm. An expert scored all these physiological features, into one of the four classes of hemorrhagic shock: none, compensated, uncompensated and irreversible.

On-line segmentation algorithm for continuously monitored data in intensive care units.

An on-line segmentation algorithm is presented in this paper. It is developed to preprocess data describing the patient's state, sampled at high frequencies in intensive care units, with a further purpose of alarm filtering. The algorithm splits the signal monitored into line segments--continuous or discontinuous--of various lengths and determines on-line when a new segment must be calculated.

Do we need a systematic activation of alarm soundings for blood pressure monitoring for the safety of ICU patients?

Purpose: Evaluation of a protocol of activation-deactivation of alarm soundings on noninvasive mean arterial pressure (MAP) monitoring.

Materials And Methods: 103 patients were analyzed. Alarm soundings on noninvasive MAP were either activated (group A) or inactivated (group NA) according to a protocol based on patient's hemodynamic status.