A multi-resolution ensemble model of three decision-tree-based algorithms to predict daily NO concentration in France 2005-2022.

Understanding and managing the health effects of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO) requires high resolution spatiotemporal exposure maps. Here, we developed a multi-stage multi-resolution ensemble model that predicts daily NO concentration across continental France from 2005 to 2022. Innovations of this work include the computation of daily predictions at a 200 m resolution in large urban areas and the use of a spatio-temporal blocking procedure to avoid data leakage and ensure fair performance estimation.

Differential associations between insight and quality-of-life dimensions among individuals with schizophrenia.

Purpose/objective: In schizophrenia, insight, the recognition that one has a medical illness that requires treatment, has long been related to deteriorated quality of life. Yet, insight and quality of life are broad constructs that encompass several dimensions. Here, we investigated differential associations between insight and quality-of-life dimensions using a psychological network approach.

Contribution of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics to predict initial referrals to psychosocial interventions in patients with serious mental illness.

Aims: Psychosocial rehabilitation (PSR) is at the core of psychiatric recovery. There is a paucity of evidence regarding how the needs and characteristics of patients guide clinical decisions to refer to PSR interventions. Here, we used explainable machine learning methods to determine how socio-demographic and clinical characteristics contribute to initial referrals to PSR interventions in patients with serious mental illness.

Functioning, clinical severity, education and sex moderate the inverse relationship between insight and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia.

Background: In schizophrenia, insight, the recognition that one has a medical illness that requires treatment, has long been related to deteriorated quality of life, a phenomenon that has been described as the "insight paradox". Here, we aimed to determine whether certain socio-demographic and clinical characteristics strengthen or weaken this negative relationship.

Methods: We used data from the French network of rehabilitation centers REHABase (N = 769).

Association of globalization with the burden of opioid use disorders 2019. A country-level analysis using targeted maximum likelihood estimation.

Background: The "opioid crisis" has been responsible for hundreds of thousands deaths in the US, and is at risk of dissemination worldwide. Within-country studies have demonstrated that the rise of opioid use disorders (OUD) is linked to increased access to opioid prescriptions and to so-called "diseases of despair". Both have been related to the emergence of globalization policies since the 1980s.

Predictors of mental well-being over the first lockdown period due to the COVID-19 pandemic in France. A repeated cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Numerous studies have investigated the positive and negative effects of potential predictors of well-being during lockdowns due to COVID-19. Yet, little is known on whether these effects significantly changed with time spent in lockdown. In the current study, we described the association of mental well-being with a large number of background characteristics (e.

Actionable Predictive Factors of Homelessness in a Psychiatric Population: Results from the REHABase Cohort Using a Machine Learning Approach.

Background: There is a lack of knowledge regarding the actionable key predictive factors of homelessness in psychiatric populations. Therefore, we used a machine learning model to explore the REHABase database (for rehabilitation database- = 3416), which is a cohort of users referred to French psychosocial rehabilitation centers in France.

Methods: First, we analyzed whether the different risk factors previously associated with homelessness in mental health were also significant risk factors in the REHABase.

Long-Term Impact of Medical Marijuana Laws on the Burden of Cannabis Use Disorders in US Male and Female Adolescents and Young Adults.

Deregulation of cannabis use has raised concerns regarding its potential effects on health, particularly in adolescents and young adults. Here, we extracted data from the Global Burden of Disease database to estimate the long-term effect (> 5 years) of medical marijuana laws (MML) on 2019 cannabis use disorders Disability Adjusted Life Years (2019 CUD DALYs) in US male and female adolescents (15-19 years old) and young adults (20-24 years old). Socio-cultural, demographic and economic characteristics were used as baseline covariates.

Association of Republican partisanship with US citizens' mobility during the first period of the COVID crisis.

While Republican states have been criticized for their limited efforts to contain the spread of COVID-19, it is important to consider that political orientation can modify human behaviour via complex effects that are still poorly understood. During the first period of the pandemic, we found that the association of Republican partisanship with US citizens' mobility varied depending on the nature of the exposure being considered. First, Republican partisanship was associated with increased mobility when the stringency of anti-COVID measures increased.

The central role of self-esteem in the quality of life of patients with mental disorders.

In psychiatry, recent years have seen a change of focus from a clinician- to a patient-centered perspective that emphasizes quality of life as a treatment target. As a complex construct, quality of life is composed of multiple dimensions that interact with one-another (e.g.

Socio-demographic development and burden of mental, substance use disorders, and self-harm: An ecological analysis using the Global Burden of Disease study 2019.

Objectives: Whether a country's level of development is associated with an increased or decreased burden of mental and behavioural problems is an important yet unresolved question. Here, we examined the association between the burden of mental and substance use disorders and self-harm with socio-demographic development along temporal and geographical dimensions.

Methods: We collected data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019, which uses robust statistical modelling techniques to calculate disease burden estimates where data are sparse or unavailable.

Dysfunctional connectivity in posterior brain regions involved in cognitive control in schizophrenia: A preliminary fMRI study.

Cognitive control, the ability to use goal-directed information to guide behaviour, is impaired in schizophrenia, and mainly related to dysfunctions within the fronto-posterior brain network. However, cognitive control is a broad cognitive function encompassing distinct sub-processes that, until now, studies have failed to separate and relate to specific brain regions. The goal of this preliminary fMRI study is to investigate the functional specialization of posterior brain regions, and their functional interaction with lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) regions, in schizophrenia.

Ecological study of the association between mental illness with human development, income inequalities and unemployment across OECD countries.

Objectives: Recent studies have demonstrated worsened mental health in relatively highly developed countries impacted by social inequalities and unemployment. Here, we investigate (1) whether mental health issues are differently or similarly affected by these social factors and (2) whether their effects on mental health are related or unrelated to each other.

Setting: Analysis at the country level among Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries (n=36).

Confronting, collaborating, withdrawing? A psychiatric evaluation of three strategies to promote political climate action.

This qualitative study analyzes the lack of political action to address climate change using a psychiatric lens, and frames that ambivalence lies at the core of inaction. While most politicians understand that climate action is absolutely necessary, any significant action is stalled by a number of important barriers they have to overcome. Using clinical analogies from eating disorders and the scientific literature on motivational change, this paper analyzes three current strategies that push for political action.

Outcome measurement in mental health services: insights from symptom networks.

Background: In mental health, outcomes are currently measured by changes of individual scores. However, such an analysis on individual scores does not take into account the interaction between symptoms, which could yield crucial information while investigating outcomes. Network analysis techniques can be used to routinely study these systems of interacting symptoms.

Neural coding of prior expectations in hierarchical intention inference.

The ability to infer other people's intentions is crucial for successful human social interactions. Such inference relies on an adaptive interplay of sensory evidence and prior expectations. Crucially, this interplay would also depend on the type of intention inferred, i.

The Sequential Binge, a New Therapeutic Approach for Binge Eating: A Pilot Study.

Background And Objectives: A sizeable proportion of patients experiencing binge eating do not respond to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). We present the sequential binge (SB), a new behavioral intervention that complements CBT, and preliminary results of its effects. SB breaks up the binge into repeated identical sequences of eating separated by incremental pauses.

A specific impairment in cognitive control in individuals with high-functioning autism.

Although it is largely demonstrated that Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are characterized by executive dysfunctions, little is known about the fine-grained levels of this impairment. Here, we investigated the hierarchical architecture of control modules in autism using an experimental paradigm based upon a multistage model of executive functions. This model postulates that executive functions are hierarchically organized as a cascade of three different control processes, which are implemented according to information conveyed by sensory signals (sensory control), the immediate perceptual context (contextual control), and the temporal episode in which stimuli occur (episodic control).

Imbalance in the sensitivity to different types of rewards in pathological gambling.

Pathological gambling is an addictive disorder characterized by a persistent and compulsive desire to engage in gambling activities. This maladaptive behaviour has been suggested to result from a decreased sensitivity to experienced rewards, regardless of reward type. Alternatively, pathological gambling might reflect an imbalance in the sensitivity to monetary versus non-monetary incentives.

Top-down modulation of the perception of other people in schizophrenia and autism.

Accurately and efficiently perceiving social cues such as body movements and facial expressions is important in social interaction. Accurate social perception of this kind does not solely rely on "bottom-up" visual processing but is also subject to modulation by "top-down" signals. For example, if instructed to look for signs of happiness rather than fear, participants are more likely to categorize facial expressions as happy-this prior expectation biases subsequent perception.

The influence of prior expectations on emotional face perception in adolescence.

Prior expectations influence the way incoming stimuli are processed. A standard, validated way of manipulating prior expectations is to bias participants to perceive a stimulus by instructing them to look out for this type of stimulus. Here, we investigated the influence of prior expectations on the processing of incoming stimuli (emotional faces) in adolescence.

Mentalizing under influence: abnormal dependence on prior expectations in patients with schizophrenia.

An impaired ability to appreciate other people's mental states is a well-established and stable cognitive deficit in schizophrenia, which might explain some aspects of patients' social dysfunction. Yet, despite a wealth of literature on this topic, the basic mechanisms underlying these impairments are still poorly understood, and their links with the clinical dimensions of schizophrenia remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the extent to which patients' impaired ability to appreciate other people's intentions (known as mentalizing) may be accounted for by abnormal interaction between the two types of information that contribute to this ability: (i) the sensory evidence conveyed by movement kinematics; and (ii) the observer's prior expectations.

Impaired hierarchical control within the lateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia.

Background: In schizophrenia, disturbances of cognitive control have been associated with impaired functional specialization within the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), but little is known about the functional interactions between specialized LPFC subregions. Here, we addressed this question with a recent model that describes the LPFC functioning as a cascade of control processes along a rostrocaudal axis, whereby anterior frontal regions influence the processing in posterior frontal regions to guide action selection on the basis of the temporal structure of information.

Methods: We assessed effective connectivity within the rostrocaudal axis of the LPFC by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging in 15 schizophrenic patients and 14 matched healthy control subjects with structural equation modeling and psychophysiological interactions.

Organization of cognitive control within the lateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia.

Context: Cognitive control is highly affected in schizophrenia, but its overall functional architecture remains poorly understood. A recent study demonstrated that, in healthy subjects, cognitive control is functionally organized within the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) as a cascade of representations ranging from premotor to anterior LPFC regions according to stimuli, the present perceptual context, and the temporal episode in which stimuli occur.

Objective: To determine the functional hierarchical organization of cognitive control within the LPFC in patients with schizophrenia.