Further delineation of the SCAF4-associated neurodevelopmental disorder.

While mostly de novo truncating variants in SCAF4 were recently identified in 18 individuals with variable neurodevelopmental phenotypes, knowledge on the molecular and clinical spectrum is still limited. We assembled data on 50 novel individuals with SCAF4 variants ascertained via GeneMatcher and personal communication. With detailed evaluation of clinical data, in silico predictions and structural modeling, we further characterized the molecular and clinical spectrum of the autosomal dominant SCAF4-associated neurodevelopmental disorder.

Patients with complex and very-early-onset ATL1-related spastic paraplegia offer insights on genotype/phenotype correlations and support for autosomal recessive forms of SPG3A.

Spastic paraplegia type 3A (SPG3A) is the second most common form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). This autosomal-dominant-inherited motor disorder is caused by heterozygous variants in the ATL1 gene which usually presents as a pure childhood-onset spastic paraplegia. Affected individuals present muscle weakness and spasticity in the lower limbs, with symptom onset in the first decade of life.

The mitochondrial seryl-tRNA synthetase SARS2 modifies onset in spastic paraplegia type 4.

Purpose: Hereditary spastic paraplegia type 4 is extremely variable in age at onset; the same variant can cause onset at birth or in the eighth decade. We recently discovered that missense variants in SPAST, which influences microtubule dynamics, are associated with earlier onset and more severe disease than truncating variants, but even within the early and late-onset groups there remained significant differences in onset. Given the rarity of the condition, we adapted an extreme phenotype approach to identify genetic modifiers of onset.

Reduced penetrance of an eastern French mutation in ATL1 autosomal-dominant inheritance (SPG3A): extended phenotypic spectrum coupled with brain F-FDG PET.

ATL1-related spastic paraplegia SPG3A is a pure form of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Rare complex phenotypes have been described, but few data concerning cognitive evaluation or molecular imaging of these patients are available. We relate a retrospective collection of patients with SPG3A from the Neurology Department of Nancy University Hospital, France.

Clinical and genetic spectra of 1550 index patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia.

Hereditary spastic paraplegia refers to rare genetic neurodevelopmental and/or neurodegenerative disorders in which spasticity due to length-dependent damage to the upper motor neuron is a core sign. Their high clinical and genetic heterogeneity makes their diagnosis challenging. Multigene panels allow a high-throughput targeted analysis of the increasing number of genes involved using next-generation sequencing.

Phenoconversion from Spastic Paraplegia to ALS/FTD Associated with Compound Heterozygous Mutations.

Biallelic mutations in the gene lead to spastic paraplegia-5 (SPG5). We report herein the case of a patient whose clinical symptoms began with progressive lower limb spasticity during childhood, and who secondly developed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD) at the age of 67 years. Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) gene analysis identified the compound heterozygous mutations c.

Evidence of mosaicism in SPAST variant carriers in four French families.

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are heterogeneous disorders, with more than 70 causative genes. Variants in SPAST are the most frequent genetic etiology and are responsible for spastic paraplegia type 4 (SPG4). Age at onset can vary, even between patients from the same family, and incomplete penetrance is described.

Increasing involvement of CAPN1 variants in spastic ataxias and phenotype-genotype correlations.

Spastic ataxias are rare neurogenetic disorders involving spinocerebellar and pyramidal tracts. Many genes are involved. Among them, CAPN1, when mutated, is responsible for a complex inherited form of spastic paraplegia (SPG76).

RNF170-Related Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia: Confirmation by a Novel Mutation.

Background: Spastic paraparesis and biallelic variants functionally characterized as deleterious in the RNF170 gene have recently been reported by Wagner et al. 2019, strongly supporting the involvement of this gene in hereditary spastic paraplegia.

Methods: Exome sequencing was performed on 6 hereditary spastic paraplegia families previously tested on an hereditary spastic paraplegia-specific panel.

Spastic paraplegia due to recessive or dominant mutations in can convert to ALS.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether mutations in , known to cause SPG18, a recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia (SP) responsible for the degeneration of the upper motor neurons leading to weakness and spasticity restricted to the lower limbs, could contribute to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a distinct and more severe motor neuron disease (MND), in which the lower motor neurons also profusely degenerates, leading to tetraplegia, bulbar palsy, respiratory insufficiency, and ultimately the death of the patients.

Methods: Whole-exome sequencing was performed in a large cohort of 200 familial ALS and 60 sporadic ALS after a systematic screening for hexanucleotide repeat expansion. variants identified by exome analysis were validated using Sanger analysis.

Integrated molecular characterization of chondrosarcoma reveals critical determinants of disease progression.

Chondrosarcomas are primary cancers of cartilaginous tissue with highly contrasting prognoses. These tumors are defined by recurrent mutations in the IDH genes and other genetic alterations including inactivation of CDKN2A and COL2A1; however, these have no clinical value. Here we use multi-omics molecular profiles from a series of cartilage tumors and find an mRNA classification that identifies two subtypes of chondrosarcomas defined by a balance in tumor differentiation and cell cycle activation.

Loss of paraplegin drives spasticity rather than ataxia in a cohort of 241 patients with .

Objective: We took advantage of a large multinational recruitment to delineate genotype-phenotype correlations in a large, trans-European multicenter cohort of patients with spastic paraplegia gene 7 ().

Methods: We analyzed clinical and genetic data from 241 patients with , integrating neurologic follow-up data. One case was examined neuropathologically.

Spastic paraplegia due to SPAST mutations is modified by the underlying mutation and sex.

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are rare neurological disorders caused by progressive distal degeneration of the corticospinal tracts. Among the 79 loci and 65 spastic paraplegia genes (SPGs) involved in HSPs, mutations in SPAST, which encodes spastin, responsible for SPG4, are the most frequent cause of both familial and sporadic HSP. SPG4 is characterized by a clinically pure phenotype associated with restricted involvement of the corticospinal tracts and posterior columns of the spinal cord.

Plasma oxysterols: biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment in spastic paraplegia type 5.

The hereditary spastic paraplegias are an expanding and heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by spasticity in the lower limbs. Plasma biomarkers are needed to guide the genetic testing of spastic paraplegia. Spastic paraplegia type 5 (SPG5) is an autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia due to mutations in CYP7B1, which encodes a cytochrome P450 7α-hydroxylase implicated in cholesterol and bile acids metabolism.

CYP2U1 activity is altered by missense mutations in hereditary spastic paraplegia 56.

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is an inherited disorder of the central nervous system mainly characterized by gradual spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. SPG56 is a rare autosomal recessive early onset complicated form of HSP caused by mutations in CYP2U1. The CYP2U1 enzyme was shown to catalyze the hydroxylation of arachidonic acid.

Hereditary spastic paraplegia due to a novel mutation of the REEP1 gene: Case report and literature review.

Rationale: Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a heterogeneous group of diseases little known in clinical practice due to its low prevalence, slow progression, and difficult diagnosis. This results in an underestimation of HSP leading to belated diagnosis and management. In depth diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and identification of genomic mutations.

New candidate loci identified by array-CGH in a cohort of 100 children presenting with syndromic obesity.

Syndromic obesity is defined by the association of obesity with one or more feature(s) including developmental delay, dysmorphic traits, and/or congenital malformations. Over 25 syndromic forms of obesity have been identified. However, most cases remain of unknown etiology.

Comprehensive analysis of PTEN status in breast carcinomas.

PTEN plays a well-established role in the negative regulation of the PI3K pathway, which is frequently activated in several cancer types, including breast cancer. A nuclear function in the maintenance of chromosomal stability has been proposed for PTEN but is yet to be clearly defined. In order to improve understanding of the role of PTEN in mammary tumorigenesis in terms of a possible gene dosage effect, its PI3K pathway function and its association with p53, we undertook comprehensive analysis of PTEN status in 135 sporadic invasive ductal carcinomas.

Deletion of chromosomes 13q and 14q is a common feature of tumors with BRCA2 mutations.

Introduction: Germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations account for 20-30% of familial clustering of breast cancer. The main indication for BRCA2 screening is currently the family history but the yield of mutations identified in patients selected this way is low.

Methods: To develop more efficient approaches to screening we have compared the gene expression and genomic profiles of BRCA2-mutant breast tumors with those of breast tumors lacking BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations.

An array CGH based genomic instability index (G2I) is predictive of clinical outcome in breast cancer and reveals a subset of tumors without lymph node involvement but with poor prognosis.

Background: Despite entering complete remission after primary treatment, a substantial proportion of patients with early stage breast cancer will develop metastases. Prediction of such an outcome remains challenging despite the clinical use of several prognostic parameters. Several reports indicate that genomic instability, as reflected in specific chromosomal aneuploidies and variations in DNA content, influences clinical outcome but no precise definition of this parameter has yet been clearly established.

Molecular apocrine differentiation is a common feature of breast cancer in patients with germline PTEN mutations.

Introduction: Breast carcinoma is the main malignant tumor occurring in patients with Cowden disease, a cancer-prone syndrome caused by germline mutation of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN characterized by the occurrence throughout life of hyperplastic, hamartomatous and malignant growths affecting various organs. The absence of known histological features for breast cancer arising in a PTEN-mutant background prompted us to explore them for potential new markers.

Methods: We first performed a microarray study of three tumors from patients with Cowden disease in the context of a transcriptomic study of 74 familial breast cancers.