Publications by authors named "Guilian Yang"

Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2 still poses a great threat to the poultry farming industry and public health worldwide, and the development of a new influenza vaccine that is safe and conservative and able to address influenza virus mutations is highly promising for application. HA2, the neck of the HA protein, and M2e, the extracellular N-terminal structural domain of the M2 protein, are conserved and effective protective antigens. In this study, the HA2 sequences were fused with three M2e copies (H9N2, H1N1 and H5N1) to the norovirus VP1 protein via the SpyTag-SpyCatcher platform to form self-assembled nanoparticles and display antigenic proteins on its surface, yielding pYL262.

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Largemouth bass virus (LMBV) is an infectious pathogen that causes high mortality rates in largemouth bass, and outbreaks of this virus can significantly harm the aquaculture industry. Currently, no vaccine has been developed that can effectively prevent the transmission of LMBV. In this study, we constructed a recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum (L.

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Article Synopsis
  • Influenza poses a severe global health risk, with research uncovering unique microbial communities in the respiratory tract that could influence infection resistance.
  • In mouse studies, transferring respiratory microbes from survivors of H9N2 influenza to antibiotic-treated mice improved their resistance to infection, particularly with higher levels of Aeromicrobium.
  • Metabolomic analysis identified increased LysoPE (16:0) in mildly infected mice, which appears to enhance anti-influenza defenses by suppressing certain inflammatory markers, suggesting Aeromicrobium camelliae as a potential preventative agent for influenza.
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  • The study investigates how microbiota influences the immune response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection.
  • It finds that a specific commensal bacterium helps protect mice from IAV by enhancing the activity of virus-specific CD8 T cells.
  • Additionally, administering acetate mimicked this protective effect by altering metabolic processes in T cells, emphasizing the importance of microbiota-derived acetate in antiviral immunity.
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The Apicomplexa parasitic phylum rhoptry neck protein 2 (RON2) plays a key role in the process of invading host cells. Eimeria tenella, an intracellular protozoan shares a similar conserved invasion pattern. However, whether E.

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  • E3 ubiquitin ligases play a crucial role in regulating antiviral immune responses during viral infections, particularly in response to RNA viruses.
  • The study found that ASB3, an E3 ligase, is upregulated when RNA viruses like influenza A virus are present, and its overexpression inhibits type I interferon responses.
  • Animals without ASB3 showed lower susceptibility to viral infections, as ASB3 promotes the degradation of MAVS, which is essential for antiviral signaling, highlighting ASB3's role as a negative regulator of immune responses.
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  • The study investigates the roles of TLR3 and TRIF in the immune response to rotavirus (RV) infection, finding that their absence leads to severe damage in the small intestine of specific mice.
  • Results show that dendritic cells from TLR3-/- and TRIF-/- mice struggle with antigen presentation and T cell activation, leading to reduced functionality of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
  • The research highlights the importance of TLR3 signaling via TRIF for effective mucosal T cell responses during RV infection, providing insights that could inform the development of a new vaccine.
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  • The E3 ubiquitin ligase ASB3 plays a key role in regulating inflammatory responses and is linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), showing increased levels in IBD lesions and contributing to disease progression.
  • Mice with high levels of ASB3 demonstrated resistance to colitis, which was associated with lower levels of proinflammatory factors like IL-1β and TNF-α, whereas this resistance could be reversed by disrupting gut microbiota.
  • ASB3 facilitates the polyubiquitination of TRAF6, affecting its stability and promoting inflammation; thus, targeting ASB3 levels in intestinal cells could be a potential strategy for treating colitis.
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Probiotics are increasingly recognized for their capacity to combat pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we isolated a strain of Ligilactobacillus salivarius XP132 from the gut microbiota of healthy chickens. This strain exhibited resistance to low pH and bile salts, auto-aggregation capabilities, and the ability to co-aggregate with pathogenic Salmonella.

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Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2 has significantly threatened the poultry business in recent years by having become the predominant subtype in flocks of chickens, ducks, and pigeons. In addition, the public health aspects of H9N2 AIV pose a significant threat to humans. Early and rapid diagnosis of H9N2 AIV is therefore of great importance.

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In maintaining organismal homeostasis, gut immunity plays a crucial role. The coordination between the microbiota and the immune system through bidirectional interactions regulates the impact of microorganisms on the host. Our research focused on understanding the relationships between substantial changes in jejunal intestinal flora and metabolites and intestinal immunity during porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection in piglets.

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  • Chicken coccidiosis is a significant protozoan disease affecting poultry, causing economic losses, and current vaccination methods have limitations in effectiveness and safety.
  • A new oral vaccine using a genetically modified Lactobacillus plantarum strain expressing a specific Eimeria tenella protein was developed and administered to chicks to evaluate its immunological benefits.
  • Results showed that this recombinant vaccine improved immune responses, increased weight gain, reduced pathogen levels, and lessened intestinal damage compared to a standard commercial vaccine.
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The widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in humans poses a serious threat to public health security, and a growing number of studies have discovered that SARS-CoV-2 infection in wildlife and mutate over time. This article mainly reports the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife. The pooled prevalence of the 29 included articles was calculated by us using a random effects model (22.

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Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition of the oral cavity caused by a mixed infection of various bacteria, which not only severely affects the alveolar bone and connective tissues but also displays potential correlations with distal intestinal inflammation. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the therapeutic effects of Streptococcus cristatus CA119 on experimental periodontitis in rats and its impact on intestinal morphology. The results demonstrate that CA119 is capable of colonizing the oral cavity and exerting antagonistic effects on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, thus leading to a significant reduction in the oral pathogen load.

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Unlabelled: Canine distemper virus (CDV) poses a severe threat to both domesticated and wild animals, including multiple carnivores. With the continued expansion of its host range, there is an urgent need for the development of a safer and more effective vaccine. In this study, we developed subunit vaccines based on a bacterium-like particle (BLP) delivery platform containing BLPs-F and BLPs-H, which display the CDV F and H glycoprotein antigens, respectively, using the antigen-protein anchor fusions produced by a recombinant baculovirus insect cell expression system.

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Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) is one of the major pathogens contributing to piglet diarrhea, with significant implications for both piglet health and the economic aspects of the livestock industry. SW207 is an isolate of isolated from the cold- and disease-resistant Leixiang pigs in Northeastern China. We have discovered that SW207 can survive in the pig's gastrointestinal fluid and under conditions of high bile salt concentration, displaying potent antagonistic activity against ETEC.

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Influenza virus is a kind of virus that poses several hazards of animal and human health. Therefore, it is important to develop an effective vaccine to prevent influenza. To this end we successfully packaged recombinant adenovirus rAd-NP-M2e-GFP expressing multiple copies of influenza virus conserved antigens NP and M2e and packaged empty vector adenovirus rAd-GFP.

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Background: The gut microbiota is a critical factor in the regulation of host health, but the relationship between the differential resistance of hosts to pathogens and the interaction of gut microbes is not yet clear. Herein, we investigated the potential correlation between the gut microbiota of piglets and their disease resistance using single-cell transcriptomics, 16S amplicon sequencing, metagenomics, and untargeted metabolomics.

Results: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection leads to significant changes in the gut microbiota of piglets.

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Vaccination is still the most promising strategy for combating influenza virus pandemics. However, the highly variable characteristics of influenza virus make it difficult to develop antibody-based universal vaccines, until now. Lung tissue-resident memory T cells (T), which actively survey tissues for signs of infection and react rapidly to eliminate infected cells without the need for a systemic immune reaction, have recently drawn increasing attention towards the development of a universal influenza vaccine.

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  • Current vaccines are effective but have low immunogenicity, making adjuvants important for enhancing vaccine effectiveness.
  • Research shows that Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), a low-toxicity component from traditional Chinese medicine, significantly boosts antibody levels and reduces parasite load in mice, suggesting its potential as a new adjuvant for T. spiralis vaccines.
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Pigs are the most suitable model to study various therapeutic strategies and drugs for human beings, although knowledge about cell type-specific transcriptomes and heterogeneity is poorly available. Through single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry analysis of the types in the jejunum of pigs, we found that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) existed in the lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) of the jejunum. Then, through flow sorting of live/dead-lineage (Lin)-CD45+ cells and single-cell RNA sequencing, we found that ILCs in the porcine jejunum were mainly ILC3s, with a small number of NK cells, ILC1s, and ILC2s.

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Global poultry production is still severely affected by H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV), and the development of a novel universal AIV vaccine is still urgently needed. Neuraminidase (NA) has recently been shown to be an efficient conserved protective antigen. In this study, we fused the extracellular region of the NA gene with a ferritin cassette (pYL281), which resulted in self-assembled 24-mer nanoparticles with the NA protein displayed outside the nanoparticles.

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  • Coccidiosis, caused by Eimeria, is an economically harmful parasitic disease in chickens, pushing researchers to find better vaccines due to issues with existing chemoprophylaxis and live vaccines.
  • A recombinant strain of Lactobacillus plantarum was developed to deliver antigens from Eimeria tenella and Salmonella enterica, showing potential as a vaccine for boosting chicken immunity.
  • The study found that oral immunization with this recombinant L. plantarum significantly enhanced immune responses, reduced parasite shedding, and improved intestinal health in chickens, indicating its effectiveness as a vaccine carrier.
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A healthy organism is the result of host-microbiome co-evolution. Microbial metabolites can also stimulate immune cells to reduce intestinal inflammation and permeability. Gut dysbiosis will lead to a variety of autoimmune diseases, such as Type 1 diabetes (T1D).

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