Integration of 3D Fluorescence Imaging and Luminescent Thermometry with Core-Shell Engineered NaYF:Nd/Yb/Ho Nanoparticles.

The design of rare-earth-doped upconversion/downshifting nanoparticles (NPs) for theoretical use in nanomedicine has garnered considerable interest. Previous research has emphasized luminescent nanothermometry and photothermal therapy, while three-dimensional (3D) near-infrared (NIR) luminescent tracers have received less attention. Our study introduces Nd-, Yb-, and Ho-doped NaYF core-shell luminescent NPs as potential multiparametric nanothermometers and NIR imaging tracers.