Coronary Artery Calcium From Early Adulthood to Middle Age and Left Ventricular Structure and Function.

Background The relationship of coronary artery calcium (CAC) with adverse cardiac remodeling is not well established. We aimed to study the association of CAC in middle age and change in CAC from early adulthood to middle age with left ventricular (LV) function. Methods CAC score was measured by computed tomography at CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) year-15 examination and at year-25 examination (Y25) in 3043 and 3189 participants, respectively.

Cumulative blood pressure from early adulthood to middle age is associated with left atrial remodelling and subclinical dysfunction assessed by three-dimensional echocardiography: a prospective post hoc analysis from the coronary artery risk development in young adults study.

Aims: To evaluate the association of cumulative blood pressure (BP) from young adulthood to middle age with left atrial (LA) structure/function as assessed by three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) in a large longitudinal bi-racial population study.

Methods And Results: We conducted a prospective post hoc analysis of individuals enrolled at the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults, which is a multi-centre bi-racial cohort with 30 years of follow-up. Cumulative systolic and diastolic BP levels were defined by summing the product of average millimetres of mercury and the years between each two consecutive clinic visits over 30 years of follow-up.