BMP-2 and -4 produced by vascular smooth muscle cells from atherosclerotic lesions induce monocyte chemotaxis through direct BMPRII activation.

Objective: Monocytes and macrophages, together with vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), play key roles at all stages of atherogenesis. There is also growing evidence that BMP signaling is involved in vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. Here we evaluate the role played by the BMP agonist/antagonist axis in monocyte recruitment during atherogenesis.

Multiple brain abscesses due to Penicillium spp infection.

We present a case of central nervous system (CNS) infection by a member of the Penicillium genera in a HIV-negative man in Brazil. The patient was admitted complaining of loss of visual fields and speech disturbances. CT scan revealed multiple brain abscesses.