Physical training improves physical activity levels but is associated with amplification of sedentary behavior in older women.

Physical activity level (PAL) and sedentary behavior (SB) are independent predictors of mortality. It is unclear how these predictors interact with each other and health variables. Investigate the bidirectional relationship between PAL and SB, and their impact and health variables of women aged 60 to 70 years.

Mortality in children under 5 years of age with congenital syphilis in Brazil: A nationwide cohort study.

Background: Congenital syphilis (CS) is a major and avoidable cause of neonatal death worldwide. In this study, we aimed to estimate excess all-cause mortality in children under 5 years with CS compared to those without CS.

Methods And Findings: In this population-based cohort study, we used linked, routinely collected data from Brazil from January 2011 to December 2017.

Profile of COVID-19 in Brazil-risk factors and socioeconomic vulnerability associated with disease outcome: retrospective analysis of population-based registers.

Objectives: To classify the most up-to-date factors associated with COVID-19 disease outcomes in Brazil.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: Nationwide Brazilian COVID-19 healthcare registers.

Estimating underreporting of leprosy in Brazil using a Bayesian approach.

Background: Leprosy remains concentrated among the poorest communities in low-and middle-income countries and it is one of the primary infectious causes of disability. Although there have been increasing advances in leprosy surveillance worldwide, leprosy underreporting is still common and can hinder decision-making regarding the distribution of financial and health resources and thereby limit the effectiveness of interventions. In this study, we estimated the proportion of unreported cases of leprosy in Brazilian microregions.

A random-censoring Poisson model for underreported data.

A major challenge when monitoring risks in socially deprived areas of under developed countries is that economic, epidemiological, and social data are typically underreported. Thus, statistical models that do not take the data quality into account will produce biased estimates. To deal with this problem, counts in suspected regions are usually approached as censored information.