Tuberculosis healthcare service disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, India and South Africa: A model-based analysis of country-level data.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious disease cause of death worldwide. In recent years, stringent measures to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 have led to considerable disruptions of healthcare services for TB in many countries. The extent to which these measures have affected TB testing, treatment initiation and outcomes has not been comprehensively assessed.

[Evaluation of the scenario of hesitancy in vaccines against seasonal influenza among public school teachers in Teresina, Piauí State, Brazil, in COVID-19 times].

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the frequency of vaccine hesitancy against seasonal influenza and to analyze the associated factors among teachers in the municipal school system of Teresina, Piauí State, Brazil. An online questionnaire was applied, adapted from the Health Belief Model, and 449 teachers were included. Of the public interviewed, most live in the capital Teresina, (373, 83.

Partial recovery of tuberculosis preventive treatment in Brazil after pandemic drawback.

Brazil was heavily affected by COVID-19 both with death toll and economically, with absence of a centralized Federal Government response. Tuberculosis (TB) notifications decreased in 2020 but partial recovery was observed in 2021. We have previously shown a sharp (93%) reduction in TB preventive treatment notifications among five Brazilian cities with more than 1,000 notifications in 2021.

Physical Activity at Different Life Stages and Its Consequence on the Initial Immunization and Inflammatory Response Against COVID-19.

Background: To evaluate the influence of previous physical activity (PA) during childhood, adolescence, and current PA practice on the production of antibodies and inflammatory response between the first and second doses of the COVID-19 vaccine.

Methods: Fifty-nine men and 56 women were evaluated before the first vaccine, and 12 weeks later, blood samples were taken to quantify production of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies and cytokines. Previous PA during childhood and adolescence was self-referred, and current PA was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.

Precarious work and methodological challenges to study hard-to-reach populations.

Objective: To describe the methodological challenges and strategies of a web survey on the working conditions and health among delivery workers.

Methods: The study population consisted of Brazilian delivery workers operating in the national territory. Procedures include building solid and ongoing collaboration with worker representatives and conducting a four-month data collection from February to May 2022, sharing the link to the online questionnaire on social media such as social networks (Facebook, Instagram) and messaging apps (WhatsApp, Telegram).

Impact of 4% Deltamethrin-Impregnated Dog Collars on the Incidence of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Community Intervention Trial in Brazil.

Background: In Brazil, human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) is caused by the protozoan parasite , primarily transmitted by the sand fly , with dogs acting as the main urban reservoir. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of 4% deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars (DMC) on HVL incidence.

Methods: This is a community intervention study carried out from 2012 to 2015 in the municipalities of Araguaína, State of Tocantins, and Montes Claros, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Characterisation of an area of coexistent visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in the State of Piauí, Brazil.

Background: In Brazil, transmission of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis has expanded geographically over the last decades, with both clinical forms occurring simultaneously in the same area.

Objectives: This study characterised the clinical, spatial, and temporal distribution, and performed entomological surveillance and natural infection analysis of a leishmaniasis-endemic area.

Methods: In order to characterise the risk of leishmaniasis transmission in Altos, Piauí, we described the clinical and socio-demographic variables and the spatial and temporal distribution of cases of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) and American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) cases and identified potential phlebotomine vectors.

Translation, transcultural adaptation, and validation of PedsQL 3.0 Sickle Cell Disease Module into Brazilian Portuguese.

Introduction: Despite the high prevalence of sickle cell disease (SCD) in Brazil, no studies have described the validation of an SCD-specific health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) instrument in children. We validated PedsQL 3.0 Sickle Cell Disease Module (PedsQL-SCD) for Brazilian Portuguese, and cross-validated it with PedsQL 4.

Spatio-temporal dynamics of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: A nonlinear regression analysis.

Aims: This study describes the spatio-temporal dynamics of new visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases notified in Brazil between 2001 and 2020.

Methods And Results: Data on the occurrence of the disease were obtained by means of the Notifiable Diseases Information System of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Joinpoint, temporal generalized additive models and conditional autoregressive (CAR) models were used to analyse the temporal evolution of the rates in Brazil, states and regions.

Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women in Rio De Janeiro City, Brazil.

COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy is safe and effective in reducing the risk of complications. However, the uptake is still below targets worldwide. This study aimed to explore the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination uptake among pregnant women since data on this topic is scarce in low-to-middle-income countries.

[Sociodemographic profile of homeless people notified with tuberculosis in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2015 to 2019].

Brazil is one of the 30 countries with the highest incidence of tuberculosis (TB) and homeless people (HP) have 56 times more risk for illness than the general population, due to lower income and access to health. This study aimed to present the sociodemographic and epidemiological profile of HP notified for TB from 2015 to 2019 in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro and to analyze relationships between the variables studied and TB outcomes. This is a cross-sectional study with secondary data on TB notifications in HP in the period and place of the study.

Dogs Harbor and Participate in the Transmission Cycle of Human Tegumentary Leishmaniasis.

Dogs play an important role in transmission of , but epidemiologic and clinical studies of canine tegumentary leishmaniasis (CTL) are scarce. In an endemic area of human American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) caused by we determine the prevalence and incidence of both CTL and subclinical (SC) infection in dogs and evaluated if the presence of dogs with CTL or SC infection is associated with the occurrence of human ATL. SC infection in healthy animals and CTL in animals with ulcers were determined by PCR on biopsied healthy skin or on ulcers or by detecting antibodies against soluble leishmania antigen.

Vaccine coverage and effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed symptomatic and severe Covid-19 in indigenous people in Brazil: a cohort study.

Background: Indigenous people have historically suffered devastating impacts from epidemics and continue to have lower access to healthcare and be especially vulnerable to respiratory infections. We estimated the coverage and effectiveness of Covid-19 vaccines against laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 cases among indigenous people in Brazil.

Methods: We linked nationwide Covid-19 vaccination data with flu-like surveillance records and studied a cohort of vaccinated indigenous people aged ≥ 5 years between 18th January 2021 and 1st March 2022.

The interfaces between One Health and Global Health: A scoping review.

One Health (OH) and Global Health (GH) are interconnected perspectives that may contribute to subsidizing GH policies. This scoping review aims to map the volume, nature, and characteristics of studies focused on the interface of OH and GH concepts. We used PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Scopus, and The Virtual Health Library (BVS) as the literature data sources for the review.

Temporal patterns, spatial risks, and characteristics of tegumentary leishmaniasis in Brazil in the first twenty years of the 21st Century.

Background: Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is a significant public health issue in Brazil. The present ecological study describes the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of TL cases reported in the country, and analyzes the spatial and temporal patterns of the incidences and risks of occurrence across the five geopolitical regions and 27 federative units.

Methodology/principal Findings: Data regarding new cases of TL notified between 2001 and 2020 were obtained from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases of the Brazilian Ministry of Health.

Corrigendum to "How, what, and why: housing, water & sanitation and wealth patterns in a cross-sectional study of the Guarani Birth Cohort, the first indigenous birth cohort in Brazil" [The Lancet Regional Health - Americas 2023;21: 100496].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.

How, what, and why: housing, water & sanitation and wealth patterns in a cross-sectional study of the Guarani Birth Cohort, the first Indigenous birth cohort in Brazil.

Background: Despite the importance of social determinants of health, studies on the effects of socioeconomic, sanitary, and housing conditions on Indigenous child health are scarce worldwide. This study aims to identify patterns in housing, water & sanitation, and wealth (HSW) in the first Indigenous birth cohort in Brazil-The Guarani Birth Cohort.

Methods: Cross-sectional study using baseline data from The Guarani Birth Cohort.

Spatio-temporal relative risks and priority areas for visceral leishmaniasis control in Brazil, between 2001 and 2020.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a pressing public health problem in Brazil. The proper implementation of disease control programs in priority areas is a challenge for healthcare managers. The present study aimed to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution and identify high risk areas of VL occurrence in the Brazilian territory.

The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against severe cases and deaths in Brazil from 2021 to 2022: a registry-based study.

Background: Brazil started the COVID-19 mass vaccination in January 2021 with CoronaVac and ChAdOx1, followed by BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S vaccines.