Pachychoroid disease spectrum: review article.

Purpose: The aim of this article is to do a comprehensive literature review about the current understandings of the pachychoroid disease spectrum, describing its multimodal imaging analysis, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and current types of management.

Methods: This comprehensive literature review was performed based on a search on the PubMed database, of relevant pachychoroid published papers according to our current knowledge.

Discussion: The pachychoroid disease spectrum, according to some authors, includes the following: pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE), central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV), polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV)/aneurysmal type 1 neovascularization (AT1), and more recently focal choroidal excavation (FCE) and peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome (PPS).

Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments Implantation and Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty for Coexisting Keratoconus and Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy.

Purpose: To report two cases of coexisting keratoconus and Fuchs endothelial dystrophy treated with intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) implantation and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Methods: Two patients with coexisting keratoconus and Fuchs endothelial dystrophy underwent ICRS implantation and DMEK, in a two-stage procedure. Follow-up evaluation included Scheimpflug tomography and optical coherence tomography.