Apply the Laws, if They are Good: Moral Evaluations Linearly Predict Whether Judges Should Enforce the Law.

What should judges do when faced with immoral laws? Should they apply them without exception, since "the law is the law?" Or can exceptions be made for grossly immoral laws, such as historically, Nazi law? Surveying laypeople (N = 167) and people with some legal training (N = 141) on these matters, we find a surprisingly strong, monotonic relationship between people's subjective moral evaluation of laws and their judgments that these laws should be applied in concrete cases. This tendency is most pronounced among individuals who endorse natural law (i.e.

Impact of adenotonsillectomy and palatal expansion on the apnea-hypopnea index and minimum oxygen saturation in nonobese pediatric obstructive sleep apnea with balanced maxillomandibular relationship: A cross-over randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To determine the impact and best management sequence between adenotonsillectomy (AT) and rapid palatal expansion (RPE) on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and minimum oxygen saturation (MinSaO) in nonobese pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients presenting balanced maxillomandibular relationship.

Study Design/methods: Thirty-two nonobese children with balanced maxillomandibular relationship and a mean age of 8.8 years, with a graded III/IV tonsillar hypertrophy and maxillary constriction, participated in a cross-over randomized controlled trial.

Orthodontic finishing errors detected in board-approved cases: common types and prediction.

Objective: To report and rank orthodontic finishing errors recorded in the clinical phase of the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (BBO) examination and correlate pretreatment case complexity with orthodontic treatment outcomes.

Materials And Methods: This single-center cross-sectional survey collected retrospective data from the clinical phase of BBO examinations between 2016 and 2023. The quality of orthodontic clinical outcomes of each case was assessed by means of the Cast-Radiograph Evaluation (CRE), while case complexity was evaluated using the Discrepancy Index (DI), both tools provided by the American Board of Orthodontics.

Random Apollonian networks with tailored clustering coefficient.

We introduce a family of complex networks that interpolates between the Apollonian network and its binary version, recently introduced in E. M. K.

Near-Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield of Core-Only InP Quantum Dots a Simple Postsynthetic InF Treatment.

Indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs) are considered the most promising alternative for Cd and Pb-based QDs for lighting and display applications. However, while core-only QDs of CdSe and CdTe have been prepared with near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), this is not yet achieved for InP QDs. Treatments with HF have been used to boost the PLQY of InP core-only QDs up to 85%.

Biomechanical behavior of three maxillary expanders in cleft lip and palate: a finite element study.

This study evaluated the stress distribution in the dentoalveolar and palatal bone structures during maxillary expansion in a 17-year-old male patient with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) using expanders with dental (HYRAX) and skeletal anchorage (MARPE). For the generation of the specific finite element models, cone-beam computed tomography was used, and the DICOM files were exported to Mimics 3-Matic (Materialise) and Patran (MSC Software) software. Three specific three-dimensional models were generated: A) HYRAX: conventional four-banded hyrax screw (9 mm); B) MARPE-DS: 3 miniscrews (1.

Biomechanical analysis of total arch maxillary distalization using infrazygomatic crest miniscrews: a finite element analysis study.

Aim: To evaluate the maxillary incisors and canine's immediate movement tendency using three different power arms (PA) height levels during total arch maxillary distalization supported on infrazygomatic crest (IZC) miniscrews according to finite element analysis (FEA).

Methods: Three finite element models of the maxilla were developed based on CBCT imaging of a teenage male patient presenting a Class II Division 1 malocclusion in the early permanent dentition. Maxillary complex, periodontium, orthodontic accessories, IZC miniscrews and an orthodontic wire were digitally created.

Therapeutic plasma exchange for neuromyelitis optica attacks: Evidence and challenges from a real-world cohort from Brazil.

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) can improve disability recovery after neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD) attacks, but its effectiveness and safety in Latin-American patients with access barriers and diverse ethnicity is underexplored. We carried out a retrospective cohort study with NMOSD patients that underwent TPE. 84 NMOSD attacks in 68 patients were evaluated.

Inhibition of O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase as a promising new mechanism of action for herbicides.

Enzymes of the sulfur assimilation pathway of plants have been identified as potential targets for herbicide development, given their crucial role in synthesizing amino acids, coenzymes, and various sulfated compounds. In this pathway, O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase (OAS-TL; EC 2.5.

Evaluation of the toxicity of the hydroethanolic extract of the stem bark of Virola elongata (Benth.) Warb. in in vitro and in vivo models.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Virola elongata (Benth.) Warb. (Myrsticaceae), referred to as "mucuíba" in Mato Grosso, is a native tree species that can be found in the Amazon Rainforest regions of South America and the Tropical Forests of Central America.

Size-Dependent Optical Properties of InP Colloidal Quantum Dots.

Indium phosphide colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are the main alternative for toxic and restricted Cd based CQDs for lighting and display applications. Here we systematically report on the size-dependent optical absorption, ensemble, and single particle photoluminescence (PL) and biexciton lifetimes of core-only InP CQDs. This systematic study is enabled by improvements in the synthesis of InP CQDs to yield a broad size series of monodisperse core-only InP CQDs with narrow absorption and PL line width and significant PL quantum yield.

Moral appraisals guide intuitive legal determinations.

Objectives: We sought to understand how basic competencies in moral reasoning influence the application of private, institutional, and legal rules.

Hypotheses: We predicted that moral appraisals, implicating both outcome-based and mental state reasoning, would shape participants' interpretation of rules and statutes-and asked whether these effects arise differentially under intuitive and reflective reasoning conditions.

Method: In six vignette-based experiments (total N = 2,473; 293 university law students [67% women; age bracket mode: 18-22 years] and 2,180 online workers [60% women; mean age = 31.

Binary Apollonian networks.

There is a well-known relationship between the binary Pascal's triangle and the Sierpinski triangle, in which the latter is obtained from the former by successive modulo 2 additions starting from a corner. Inspired by that, we define a binary Apollonian network and obtain two structures featuring a kind of dendritic growth. They are found to inherit the small-world and scale-free properties from the original network but display no clustering.

Law, Coercion and Folk Intuitions.

In discussing whether legal systems are necessarily coercive, legal philosophers usually appeal to thought experiments involving angels or other morally driven beings who need no coercion to organise their social lives. Such appeals have invited criticism. Critics have not only challenged the relevance of such thought experiments to our understanding of legal systems; they have also argued that, contrary to the intuitions of most legal philosophers, the 'man on the Clapham Omnibus' would not hold that there is law in a society of angels because the view that law is necessarily coercive 'enjoys widespread support among laypersons'.

A Water-Free In Situ HF Treatment for Ultrabright InP Quantum Dots.

Indium phosphide quantum dots are the main alternative for toxic and restricted Cd-based quantum dots for lighting and display applications, but in the absence of protecting ZnSe and/or ZnS shells, InP quantum dots suffer from low photoluminescence quantum yields. Traditionally, HF treatments have been used to improve the quantum yield of InP to ∼50%, but these treatments are dangerous and not well understood. Here, we develop a postsynthetic treatment that forms HF in situ from benzoyl fluoride, which can be used to strongly increase the quantum yield of InP core-only quantum dots.

Coordination and expertise foster legal textualism.

A cross-cultural survey experiment revealed a dominant tendency to rely on a rule's letter over its spirit when deciding which behaviors violate the rule. This tendency varied markedly across ( = 15) countries, owing to variation in the impact of moral appraisals on judgments of rule violation. Compared with laypeople, legal experts were more inclined to disregard their moral evaluations of the acts altogether and consequently exhibited stronger textualist tendencies.

Multisensory Stimulation Improves Cognition and Behavior in Adult Male Rats Born to LT4-treated Thyroidectomized Dams.

Gestational hypothyroidism can impair development, cognition, and mood. Here, we tested whether multisensory stimulation (MS) improves the phenotype of rats born to surgically thyroidectomized (Tx) dams suboptimally treated with LT4. 8-week-old female Tx Wistar rats were kept on daily LT4 (0.

Limits of Defect Tolerance in Perovskite Nanocrystals: Effect of Local Electrostatic Potential on Trap States.

One of the most promising properties of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) is their defect tolerance. It is often argued that, due to the electronic structure of the conduction and valence bands, undercoordinated ions can only form localized levels inside or close to the band edges (i.e.

A Method for Determination of the Transmission Efficiency of a Silica Optical Fiber Cable Using a Solar Power Tower.

After being adequately captured and concentrated, solar radiation can be conducted by optical fiber bundles/cables and directly used for illumination (lighting) or heating of confined spaces, or indirectly used by converting it in other forms of energy (e.g., for producing electricity).

The effect of adenotonsillectomy and rapid maxillary expansion on the upper airway in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized crossover-controlled trial.

Study Objectives: We aimed to determine the effects of adenotonsillectomy (AT) and rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and compare volumetric changes in the upper airway (UA) arising from AT and RME.

Methods: Thirty-nine children who presented with maxillary constriction and grade III/IV tonsillar hypertrophy were randomized into two groups. One group underwent AT as the first treatment, and the other group underwent RME.

Are There Cross-Cultural Legal Principles? Modal Reasoning Uncovers Procedural Constraints on Law.

Despite pervasive variation in the content of laws, legal theorists and anthropologists have argued that laws share certain abstract features and even speculated that law may be a human universal. In the present report, we evaluate this thesis through an experiment administered in 11 different countries. Are there cross-cultural principles of law? In a between-subjects design, participants (N = 3,054) were asked whether there could be laws that violate certain procedural principles (e.

Lung function and stress echocardiography in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The mechanism of exercise limitation in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is not fully understood. The role of hemodynamic alterations is well recognized, but mechanical, ventilatory and gasometric factors may also contribute to reduction of exercise capacity in these individuals.

Objective: To investigate whether there is an association between ventilatory pattern and stress Doppler echocardiography (SDE) variables in IPAH patients.

Using C-glyphosate to investigate the distribution of two formulations in transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean.

Glyphosate residues in grain can be explained by the concentrations and formulations of glyphosate products. This study aimed to evaluate the residues from glyphosate formulations labeled with C-glyphosate applied to leaves of glyphosate-resistant soybean (GRS) in two life cycles by liquid scintillation spectrometry. Different plant tissues were analyzed after the end of the plants' life cycles.

Aluminum oxide nanoparticles affect the cell wall structure and lignin composition slightly altering the soybean growth.

Aluminum oxide (AlO) nanoparticles (NPs) are among the nanoparticles most used industrially, but their impacts on living organisms are widely unknown. We evaluated the effects of 50-1000 mg L AlO NPs on the growth, metabolism of lignin and its monomeric composition in soybean plants. AlO NPs did not affect the length of roots and stems.

Acute arterial occlusion of the lower limb as the main clinical manifestation in a patient with Covid-19 - Case Report.

Introdution: COVID-19 infection may predispose to venous and arterial thromboembolism due to excessive inflammation, hypoxia, immobilization and disseminated intravascular coagulation; however, there are few reports of lower limb ischemia as the main manifestation of the disease.

Presentation Of Case: Male patient, 69 years old, asthmatic, ex-smoker and bearer of systemic arterial hypertension, has been admitted to the emergency department with sudden onset of pain in the right lower limb (RLL), associated with cyanosis and reduced temperature of the limb. He has been tested for COVID-19 in the OR with positive result for IGG and IGM.