Publications by authors named "Guijun Qin"

Previous studies suggested that fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched short-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are associated with glucose regulation. However, the potential relationship between circulating SCFAs and BCFAs with incident diabetes risk in both men and women remains unidentified in prospective cohort studies. In this study, we examined a panel of nine serum SCFAs and BCFAs in 3414 subjects with incident diabetes, and matched normoglycemic controls from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort study.

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Aims: To determine the impact of body roundness index (BRI) on the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in Chinese adults.

Materials And Methods: We utilized data from a nationwide prospective cohort of 165 785 Chinese adults (aged ≥40 years, free of CVD and cancer at baseline), which was extracted from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C). Cox regression and restricted cubic splines quantified BRI-outcome associations and identified optimal BRI cutoffs.

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Understanding sex disparities in modifiable risk factors across the lifespan is essential for crafting individualized intervention strategies. We aim to investigate age-related sex disparity in cardiometabolic phenotypes in a large nationwide Chinese cohort. A total of 254,670 adults aged 40 years or older were selected from a population-based cohort in China.

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This study aimed to comprehensively examine the association of gallstones, cholecystectomy, and cancer risk. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to estimate the observational associations of gallstones and cholecystectomy with cancer risk, using data from a nationwide cohort involving 239 799 participants. General and gender-specific two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was further conducted to assess the causalities of the observed associations.

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Aim: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of cofrogliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor taken once every 2 weeks (Q2W), compared with linagliptin (taken daily) in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin in China.

Materials And Methods: In this phase 3 randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, multicentre study, patients were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to receive cofrogliptin 10 mg Q2W, cofrogliptin 25 mg Q2W, or linagliptin 5 mg daily, all as an add-on treatment to metformin, for 24 weeks. Eligible patients could enter an open-label extension period and receive cofrogliptin 25 mg Q2W for an additional 28 weeks.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study examines how education impacts the prevalence of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome in middle-aged and older Chinese individuals, highlighting significant gender differences.
  • Using data from a large population-based study, researchers found that low educational attainment increased the likelihood of moderate and high CKM syndrome, particularly among women.
  • Results suggest that poor health behaviors, influenced by education, significantly affect CKM syndrome risks, emphasizing the need for interventions that address social determinants of health.
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Background: Not many large-sample investigations are available that compare the potency of the relationship of remnant cholesterol (RC) and other lipid parameters with diabetes and prediabetes. The goals of our study are to discover the relationship between RC and prediabetes, diabetes, and insulin resistance (IR) and to investigate RC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-C, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C, which are the lipid parameters that are most positively related to diabetes, prediabetes, and IR.

Methods: This research enrolled 36 684 subjects from China's eight provinces.

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Background: Novel diabetes phenotypes were proposed by the Europeans through cluster analysis, but Chinese community diabetes populations might exhibit different characteristics. This study aims to explore the clinical characteristics of novel diabetes subgroups under data-driven analysis in Chinese community diabetes populations.

Methods: We used K-means cluster analysis in 6369 newly diagnosed diabetic patients from eight centers of the REACTION (Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals) study.

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Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is characterized by complex pathogenesis and poor prognosis; therefore, an exploration of novel etiological factors may be beneficial. Despite glycemic control, the persistence of transient hyperglycemia still induces vascular complications due to metabolic memory. However, its contribution to DKD remains unclear.

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Article Synopsis
  • Scientists studied how things like education, lifestyle, and health can affect death rates in older adults in China.
  • They found that 17 factors were linked to a lot of the deaths, showing that low education and high blood pressure were some of the biggest reasons people died from different causes.
  • The study suggested that understanding these risks can help create better health programs to keep people healthier and reduce deaths in China.
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  • Emerging studies suggest a link between medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) in the diet and glucose regulation, but the specific role of serum MCFAs in diabetes risk, especially concerning genetic factors, needs further exploration.
  • A nested case-control study analyzed baseline serum MCFAs from 1,707 individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and matched healthy controls, examining both MCFAs' overall effects and their interactions with genetic risk scores based on T2DM-linked genetic variants.
  • Results indicated that higher levels of octanoic and nonanoic acids were associated with lower diabetes risk, particularly in physically inactive individuals and those with high genetic risk, suggesting a complex interplay between these fatty acids and genetic predisposition in diabetes
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Article Synopsis
  • The oral glucose tolerance test is not commonly used for diabetes screening due to its high cost and complexity, leading to misdiagnosis of patients with isolated post-challenge hyperglycemia (IPH).
  • A diagnostic system, the IPH Diagnosis System (IPHDS), was developed using data from over 54,000 participants, employing machine learning algorithms to identify individuals with IPH based on ten selected features.
  • The IPHDS demonstrated a strong performance with an AUC of 0.823 in external validation, showing better accuracy than existing models, and is available online for instant predictions, making it a practical tool for diabetes screening in the general population.
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Diabetic nephropathy (DN) also known as diabetic kidney disease, is a major microvascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of end‑stage renal disease (ESRD), which affects the morbidity and mortality of patients with diabetes. Despite advancements in diabetes care, current diagnostic methods, such as the determination of albuminuria and the estimated glomerular filtration rate, are limited in sensitivity and specificity, often only identifying kidney damage after considerable morphological changes. The present review discusses the potential of metabolomics as an approach for the early detection and management of DN.

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Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common cardiovascular complication of diabetes, which may threaten the quality of life and shorten life expectancy in the diabetic population. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the diabetes cardiomyopathy are not fully elucidated. We analyzed two datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO).

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Importance: An intermittent fasting plan consisting of 2 nonconsecutive fasting days and 5 days of habitual intake per week and meal replacement diet (5:2 MR) could provide additional benefits to patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the 5:2 MR on glycemic control among patients with early type 2 diabetes compared with metformin and empagliflozin.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The EARLY (Exploration of Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Overweight/Obese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus) study is a randomized, open-label, active parallel-controlled clinical trial conducted between November 13, 2020, and December 29, 2022, in 9 centers across China.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study investigates the association between the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and breast cancer risk in Chinese women, using data from a large sample of 142,184 participants aged 40 or older.
  • - Results indicate that women in the highest quartile of the TyG index have a 61% increased risk of prevalent breast cancer compared to those in the lowest quartile, with certain demographics showing even stronger associations.
  • - The findings suggest that the TyG index may be a useful marker for assessing breast cancer risk, especially among women without insulin resistance or metabolic issues.
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Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disease, often leads to numerous chronic complications, significantly contributing to global morbidity and mortality rates. High glucose levels trigger epigenetic modifications linked to pathophysiological processes like inflammation, immunity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, senescence and various kinds of cell death. Despite glycemic control, transient hyperglycemia can persistently harm organs, tissues, and cells, a latent effect termed "metabolic memory" that contributes to chronic diabetic complications.

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  • Long-chain free fatty acids (FFAs) have a potential link to diabetes risk, particularly in populations that have normal blood sugar levels, which requires further exploration.
  • The study used a comprehensive approach to measure 53 types of FFAs in a cohort of 1,707 individuals who developed diabetes and 1,707 matched controls, employing various statistical models to assess risk associations.
  • Findings indicated that odd-chain and specific even-chain FFAs were inversely associated with diabetes risk, with odds ratios suggesting that higher levels of certain saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids could lower the risk of developing diabetes.
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Background: Metabolic unhealth (MUH) is closely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Life's Essential 8 (LE8), a recently updated cardiovascular health (CVH) assessment, has some overlapping indicators with MUH but is more comprehensive and complicated than MUH. Given the close relationship between them, it is important to compare these two measurements.

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Aims: To assess the excess risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with different criteria for metabolic health, and the interplay of body size, insulin sensitivity and metabolic health with CVD risk.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a prospective study involving 115 638 participants from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study. Metabolic health was defined using three different definitions: (1) insulin sensitivity defined by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index; (2) absence of metabolic syndrome according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria; and (3) simultaneous absence of metabolic abnormalities (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia).

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Background/aims: : Low educational attainment is a well-established risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in developed areas. However, the association between educational attainment and the risk of NAFLD is less clear in China.

Methods: : A cross-sectional study including over 200,000 Chinese adults across mainland China was conducted.

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Objective: To compare the effects of different selective sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on hemoglobin and hematocrit in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with a network meta-analysis (NMA).

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on SGLT2i for patients with T2DM were searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception of these databases to July 1, 2023. The risk of bias (RoB) tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies, and R software was adopted for data analysis.

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Aims/hypothesis: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2i) are antihyperglycaemic drugs that protect the kidneys of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the underlying mechanisms mediating the renal benefits of SGLT2i are not fully understood. Considering the fuel switches that occur during therapeutic SGLT2 inhibition, we hypothesised that SGLT2i induce fasting-like and aestivation-like metabolic patterns, both of which contribute to the regulation of metabolic reprogramming in diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

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Impaired fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is a metabolic hallmark of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) under diabetic conditions. Disturbed FAO may promote cellular oxidative stress and insufficient energy production, leading to ferroptosis subsequently. Canagliflozin, an effective anti-hyperglycemic drug, may exert potential reno-protective effects by upregulating FAO and inhibiting ferroptosis in RTECs.

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Synopsis of recent research by authors named "Guijun Qin"

  • - Guijun Qin's recent research primarily focuses on diabetes and its associated complications, exploring various treatment strategies, such as the efficacy of cofrogliptin versus linagliptin and the effects of dietary interventions like the 5:2 intermittent fasting meal replacement plan in managing glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients.
  • - Another key area of investigation includes the social and educational determinants influencing metabolic health, as seen in studies examining gender disparities in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome and the relationship between educational attainment and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese adults.
  • - Additionally, Qin conducts extensive studies on metabolic mechanisms underlying diabetic complications, utilizing large-scale surveys and advanced methodologies like machine learning for predicting hyperglycemia, biospecimen analysis in renal conditions, and the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in diabetes-related renal diseases.

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