Examining the Temporal Demand and Sustainability of Copper in China.

A comprehensive study is carried out to determine (1) the annual historical demand and supply, (2) the annual prospective demand, and (3) the carrying capacity and future sustainability of copper resources in China. The results of the first analysis show that both the demand and the supply have substantially increased since 2000 after remaining relatively minute for the period from 1950 to 2000. By 2015, the per capita total and domestic demands had reached 7.

Regioselective Oxidation of Fused-Pentagon Chlorofullerenes.

Two monoxides of typical smaller chlorofullerenes, (#271)C50Cl10O and (#913)C56Cl10O, featured with double-fused-pentagons, were synthesized to demonstrate further regioselective functionalization of non-IPR (IPR = isolated pentagon rule) chlorofullerenes. Both non-IPR chlorofullerene oxides exhibit an epoxy structure at the ortho-site of fused pentagons. In terms of the geometrical analysis and theoretical calculations, the principles for regioselective epoxy oxidation of non-IPR chlorofullerenes are revealed to follow both "fused-pentagon ortho-site" and "olefinic bond" rules, which are valuable for prediction of oxidation of non-IPR chlorofullerenes.

C72Cl4: a pristine fullerene with favorable pentagon-adjacent structure.

A long-sought empty non-IPR fullerene, (#11188)C72, which is more stable than the sole IPR isomer in the fullerene[72] family, has been retrieved and crystallographically characterized as (#11188)C72Cl4. Mass spectrometric data support the facile dechlorination of (#11188)C72Cl4 and, in turn, the possible stability of pristine (#11188)C72.