Sequential pretreatment with hydroxyl radical and manganese peroxidase for the efficient enzymatic saccharification of corn stover.

Background: White rot fungi produce various reactive oxygen species and ligninolytic enzymes for lignocellulose deconstruction. However, their interactions during the deconstruction of lignocellulosic structural barriers for efficient enzymatic saccharification remain unclear.

Results: Herein, the extracellular enzyme activities and secretomic analysis revealed the sequential expression of hydroxyl radical (⋅OH) and manganese peroxidases (MnPs) for lignocellulose deconstruction by the white rot fungus Irpex lacteus.

Anti-inflammatory effects of quinolinyl analog of resveratrol targeting TLR4 in MCAO/R ischemic stroke rat model.

Background: Among adults, stroke is the main causes of mortality and permanent disability. Neuroinflammation is one of the main causes of stoke-mediated neuronal death. Our previous study revealed that (E)-5-(2-(Quinolin-4-yl) vinyl) benzene-1, 3-diol (RV01), a quinolinyl analog of resveratrol, inhibits microglia-induced neuroinflammation and safeguards neurons from inflammatory harm.

Eudesmane sesquiterpenoids with inhibitory effects on NO production from Artemisia princeps.

Five undescribed eudesmane methyl esters (1-5), three undescribed eudesmane-12,6-olides (6-8), and 21 known analogues (9-29) were isolated from the aerial part of Artemisia princeps Pamp. Their structures were established by detailed analysis of the NMR and HRESIMS data. The absolute configurations of 1-8 were determined based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and ECD calculations.

FOXO1 regulates bovine skeletal muscle cells differentiation by targeting MYH3.

The growth and development of bovine skeletal muscle and beef yield is closely intertwined. Our previous research found that forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) plays an important role in the regulation of beef muscle formation, but its specific mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we aimed to clarify the regulatory mechanism of FOXO1 in proliferation and differentiation of bovine skeletal muscle cells (BSMCs).

Hysterolides A-I, dimeric or monomeric sesquiterpene lactones from Parthenium hysterophorus L.

Nine undescribed sesquiterpene lactones, including two pseudoguaianolide dimers (1 and 2), a pseudoguaiac dilactone (3), and six pseudoguaianolides (4-9), along with 13 known analogues (10-22) were isolated from Parthenium hysterophorus. Among them, hysterolide A (1) possesses an unusual carbon skeleton with a unique cyclobutane ring connecting two pseudoguaianolides. Hysterolide C (3) is a sesquiterpene dilactone incorporating a bicyclo[5.

Inhibition of TLR4 Signaling by Isorhapontigenin Targeting of the AHR Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.

Ischemic stroke is a major risk factor in human health, yet there are no drugs to cure cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). Inflammation plays a fundamental role in the consequences of CIRI. Isorhapontigenin (ISOR) exhibits great anti-inflammatory activity; however, it is unclear whether ISOR can treat ischemic stroke through an anti-inflammation effect.

Pterostilbene participates in TLR4- mediated inflammatory response and autophagy-dependent Aβ endocytosis in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, remains untreatable. One of the factors that contributes to its progression is microglia-mediated inflammation. Pterostilbene, a compound isolated from Chinese dragon's blood, can reduce inflammation caused by overactive microglia.

Interaction of C/EBPβ with SMAD2 and SMAD4 genes induces the formation of lipid droplets in bovine myoblasts.

As a key component of Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway, Smad2 has many crucial roles in a variety of cellular processes, but it cannot bind DNA without complex formation with Smad4. In the present study, the molecular mechanism in the progress of myogenesis underlying transcriptional regulation of SMAD2 and SMAD4 had been clarified. The result showed the inhibition between SMAD2 and SMAD4, which promotes and inhibits bovine myoblast differentiation, respectively.

Effects of and on the Fermentation Characteristics, Microbial Community, and Functional Shifts during Alfalfa Silage Fermentation.

This study aimed to investigate the potential of (BC) as an inoculant in alfalfa silage fermentation. Fresh alfalfa was harvested at a dry matter (DM) content of 329.60 g/kg fresh weight (FW), and inoculated without (CON) or with BC (1 × 10 CFU/g FW), (LP, 1 × 10 CFU/g FW), and their combinations (LP+BC, 1 × 10 CFU/g FW, respectively).

Influence of Parturition on Rumen Bacteria and SCFAs in Holstein Cows Based on 16S rRNA Sequencing and Targeted Metabolomics.

The rumen fluids from ten cows at Day 3~5 before calving and Day 0 after calving were collected to analyze the composition and quantity of bacterial communities and concentrations of SCFAs. The results showed that the relative abundances of unidentified and genera were significant increased ( < 0.05), while that of unidentified was notably decreased after calving ( < 0.

Dietary tea tree () oil supplementation enhances the expressions of amino acid transporters in goat ileal mucosa and improves intestinal immunity.

Tea tree oil (TTO) is a plant-derived additive with anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, and growth-promoting properties. However, little is known about the effects of TTO on intestinal amino acid transport and immune function in goats. Twenty-four Ganxi goats (initial body weight of 13.

Dietary α-lipoic acid supplementation improves postmortem color stability of the lamb muscles through changing muscle fiber types and antioxidative status.

This study investigated the effect of dietary α-lipoic acid (600 mg/kg) supplementation on the postmortem color stability of the biceps femoris from lambs. The results showed that dietary α-lipoic acid supplementation increased a* and decreased b* and metmyoglobin (MMb) percentage of the biceps femoris with the time of storage (P < 0.05).

Microbial Community, Fermentation Quality, and Degradability of Ensiling With Lactic Acid Bacteria and Rice Bran.

This study aimed to assess the effects of microbial inoculants and growth stage on fermentation quality, microbial community, and degradability of silage from different varieties. (CI) and (CK) harvested at the budding (BU) and blooming (BL) stages were used as raw materials to prepare silage, respectively. The silages at each growth stage were treated for ensiling alone (control), with 5% rice bran (RB), a combination of RB with commercial (RB + LP), and a combination of RB with a selected strain L694 (RB + L694).

Tissue Expression Analysis, Cloning, and Characterization of the 5'-Regulatory Region of the Bovine 1 Gene.

As a member of the large tumor suppressor () gene family, 1 plays an important role in regulating muscle growth and development. In this study, we determined the distinct exhibit patterns of tissue expression of bovine 1. Further, we determined the functional proximal minimal promoter of bovine 1 and identified the key transcription factors in the core promoter region to elucidate its molecular regulation mechanism.

Xanthones from the stems of Calophyllum membranaceum Gardn. et Champ. and their anti-inflammatory activity.

Eighteen undescribed xanthones, including six pairs of xanthone enantiomers, three xanthones, and three xanthone glycosides, together with one pair of known xanthone enantiomers and 12 known xanthones, were isolated from the stems of Calophyllum membranaceum Gardn. et Champ. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configuration of the enantiomers was determined by using experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism data.

Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptome Revealed the Effect of Fermented Residue Promoting Immunity.

residue contains abundant bioactive nutrients which can be used as feed supplement. The fermentation treatment of plant residue can promote the utilization of nutrients, rumen digestion, and the growth and immunity of animals. Based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) metabolomics and in-depth transcriptome analysis, the study tested the mechanisms of residue (RW) and fermented residue (RFW) on meat quality and immunity of sheep.

-Carbamoylglutamate Supplementation on the Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, Milk Quality, Antioxidant Parameters, and Metabolites of Jersey Cattle in High-Altitude Areas.

This study aimed to assess the impact of the dietary supplementation of carbamoylglutamate (NCG) on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, milk quality, oxidative stress, and metabolites in the plasma and feces of Jersey cattle under high altitude with the hypoxic condition. A total of 14 healthy lactating Jersey dairy cows with similar body conditions were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups. The control group (CON group, = 6 replicates) was fed with a conventional complete diet, whereas the experimental group (NCG group, = 8 replicates) received 20 g/d per head NCG supplementation.

Influence of Condensed and Hydrolysable Tannins on the Bacterial Community, Protein Degradation, and Fermentation Quality of Alfalfa Silage.

This study evaluated the effects of hydrolysable tannin (HT) and condensed tannin (CT) on the bacterial community, fermentation quality, and proteolysis of alfalfa silage. Alfalfa was wilted to a dry matter (DM) of 35% fresh weight and ensiled with or without 4% HT or 4% CT. The application rates of tannins were based on fresh weight, and each treatment was ensiled in triplicate.

mRNA Vaccine Development for Emerging Animal and Zoonotic Diseases.

In the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, mRNA vaccines hold great promise because of their low risk of insertional mutagenesis, high potency, accelerated development cycles, and potential for low-cost manufacture. In past years, several mRNA vaccines have entered clinical trials and have shown promise for offering solutions to combat emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases such as rabies, Zika, and influenza. Recently, the successful application of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 has further validated the platform and opened the floodgates to mRNA vaccine's potential in infectious disease prevention, especially in the veterinary field.

Structures and Biological Activities of Polyacylated -Kaurane Diterpenoid Glycosides from the Aerial Parts of .

Sixteen new (-) and three known (-) polyacylated -kaurane diterpenoid glycosides were isolated from the aerial parts of . The planar structures of - and their relative configurations were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of all stereogenic centers for compounds and were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments, and the absolute configurations of the other new compounds were assigned by chemical degradation and experimental ECD data.

Pharmacokinetic analysis of different contrast agents on multiphase enhanced MRI for microvascular invasion: preoperative prediction in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: The preoperative diagnosis of microvascular invasion (MVI) for the solitary small hepatocellular carcinoma (sHCC) is crucial for the decision of surgical strategies.

Purpose: To compare the kinetic parameters and diagnostic effects of two contrast agents for preoperatively predicting MVI of sHCC on multiphase enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Material And Methods: Two groups of patients with known solitary sHCC underwent an enhanced MRI examination before hepatic resection: Data A (n = 61) patients underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI, and Data B (n = 41) patients had a normal contrast agent.

Comparison of lipid deposition of intramuscular preadipocytes in Tan sheep co-cultured with satellite cells or alone.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs) on the lipid deposition of the intramuscular preadipocytes (IMPs) in a co-culture system of the Tan sheep cells. The SMSCs and IMPs from Tan sheep were separated and cultured. After the two kinds of cells were separated and cultured, they were inoculated onto a transwell cell chamber co-culture plate for co-cultivation.