Subgenome asymmetry of gibberellins-related genes plays important roles in regulating rapid growth of bamboos.

Rapid growth is an innovative trait of woody bamboos that has been widely studied. However, the genetic basis and evolution of this trait are poorly understood. Taking advantage of genomic resources of 11 representative bamboos at different ploidal levels, we integrated morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic datasets to investigate rapid growth.

Therapeutic potential of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide-induced tolerogenic bone marrow-derived dendritic cells via regulation of CD4 T cell differentiation in a colitis mouse model.

Over-proliferation, activation, or aberrant CD4 T cell differentiation causes various immune-related diseases. DCs are significant professional APCs that regulate the differentiation of CD4 T cells to participate in an inflammatory response. IOP is an edible fungal polysaccharide with immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory bioactivities, however, the cellular mechanisms by which they regulate the immune system to exert their anti-inflammatory effects remain unclear.

Temperature-dependent jumonji demethylase modulates flowering time by targeting H3K36me2/3 in Brassica rapa.

Global warming has a severe impact on the flowering time and yield of crops. Histone modifications have been well-documented for their roles in enabling plant plasticity in ambient temperature. However, the factor modulating histone modifications and their involvement in habitat adaptation have remained elusive.

Genome assemblies of 11 bamboo species highlight diversification induced by dynamic subgenome dominance.

Polyploidy (genome duplication) is a pivotal force in evolution. However, the interactions between parental genomes in a polyploid nucleus, frequently involving subgenome dominance, are poorly understood. Here we showcase analyses of a bamboo system (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) comprising a series of lineages from diploid (herbaceous) to tetraploid and hexaploid (woody), with 11 chromosome-level de novo genome assemblies and 476 transcriptome samples.

Lactate enhances NMNAT1 lactylation to sustain nuclear NAD salvage pathway and promote survival of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells under glucose-deprived conditions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism behind the promotion of cell survival under conditions of glucose deprivation by l-lactate. To accomplish this, we performed tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry staining to analyze the correlation between the abundance of pan-Lysine lactylation and prognosis. In vivo evaluations of tumor growth were conducted using the KPC and nude mice xenograft tumor model.

Dihydroartemisinin inhibits melanoma migration and metastasis by affecting angiogenesis.

Tumor angiogenesis is critical for tumor metastasis by providing oxygen, nutrients, and metastatic pathways. As a potential anti-angiogenic agent, Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) can effectively inhibit tumor metastasis. However, the mechanism how it regulates angiogenesis to affect tumor metastasis has not been fully clarified.

Development of a Macrophage-Related Risk Model for Metastatic Melanoma.

As a metastasis-prone malignancy, the metastatic form and location of melanoma seriously affect its prognosis. Although effective surgical methods and targeted drugs are available to enable the treatment of carcinoma in situ, for metastatic tumors, the diagnosis, prognosis assessment and development of immunotherapy are still pending. This study aims to integrate multiple bioinformatics approaches to identify immune-related molecular targets viable for the treatment and prognostic assessment of metastatic melanoma, thus providing new strategies for its use as an immunotherapy.

BrMYB108 confers resistance to Verticillium wilt by activating ROS generation in Brassica rapa.

Increasing plant resistance to Verticillium wilt (VW), which causes massive losses of Brassica rapa crops, is a challenge worldwide. However, few causal genes for VW resistance have been identified by forward genetic approaches, resulting in limited application in breeding. We combine a genome-wide association study in a natural population and quantitative trait locus mapping in an F2 population and identify that the MYB transcription factor BrMYB108 regulates plant resistance to VW.

Phloretin-induced STAT3 inhibition suppresses pancreatic cancer growth and progression via enhancing Nrf2 activity.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a malignant pancreatic tumor charactered by a rapid progression and high lethal rate. Hyperactivation of STAT3 signaling exerts a vital effect on the growth and progression of PDAC. While dietary flavonoid phloretin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, it remains unclear whether phloretin has anti-tumor effects on PDAC.

Evolutionary history of two evergreen species as revealed by chromosome-level genome assembly.

Background: The genus (Ericaceae), a species-rich and widely distributed genus of woody plants, is distinguished for the beautiful and diverse flowers. Franch. and Franch.

Identification of Novel Hub Genes Associated with Psoriasis Using Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis.

Psoriasis is a chronic, prolonged, and recurrent inflammatory skin disease and the current therapeutics can only alleviate the symptoms rather than cure it completely. Therefore, we aimed to identify the molecular signatures and specific biomarkers of psoriasis to provide novel clues for psoriasis and targeted therapy. In the present study, the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to retrieve three microarray datasets (GSE166388, GSE50790 and GSE42632) and to explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in psoriasis using the Affy package in R software.

Effects of natural 24-epibrassinolide on inducing apoptosis and restricting metabolism in hepatocarcinoma cells.

Background: 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) is a ubiquitous steroidal phytohormone with anticancer activity. Yet the cytotoxic effects and mechanism of EBR on hepatocarcinoma (HCC) cells remain elusive.

Methods: Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to evaluate cell viability.

Synthetic oleanane triterpenoid derivative CDDO-Me disrupts cellular bioenergetics to suppress pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via targeting SLC1A5.

To investigate the potential antitumor activity of synthetic triterpenoid, methyl-2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oate (CDDO-Me) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), MTT cytotoxicity assay, and xenograft nude mice assay were performed to evaluate tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Seahorse XFe96 bioenergetics analyzer was applied to determine aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions are used to detect protein and messenger RNA transcripts of SLC1A5 and metabolic enzymes.

Protective effects of glaucocalyxin A on the airway of asthmatic mice.

The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects of glaucocalyxin A (GLA) on airways in mouse models of asthma, concerning the inflammatory mediators, Th1/Th2 subgroup imbalance, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signaling pathway. Hematoxylin and eosin/periodic acid-Schiff staining was used to observe the pathological changes in lung tissues. Inflammatory cytokine contents in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The Adaxial/Abaxial Patterning of Auxin and Auxin Gene in Leaf Veins Functions in Leafy Head Formation of Chinese Cabbage.

Leaf curling is an essential prerequisite for the formation of leafy heads in Chinese cabbage. However, the part or tissue that determines leaf curvature remains largely unclear. In this study, we first introduced the auxin-responsive marker into the Chinese cabbage genome and visualized its expression during the farming season.

Quantitative Succinyl-Proteome Profiling of Turnip ( var. ) in Response to Cadmium Stress.

Protein post-translational modification (PTM) is an efficient biological mechanism to regulate protein structure and function, but its role in plant responses to heavy metal stress is poorly understood. The present study performed quantitative succinyl-proteome profiling using liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry analysis to explore the potential roles of lysine succinylation modification in turnip seedlings in response to cadmium (Cd) stress (20 μM) under hydroponic conditions over a short time period (0−8 h). A total of 547 succinylated sites on 256 proteins were identified in the shoots of turnip seedlings.

Crowberry inhibits cell proliferation and migration through a molecular mechanism that includes inhibition of DEK and Akt signaling in cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare biliary adenocarcinoma related to poor clinical prognosis. Crowberry is an herbal medicine used to control inflammatory diseases and reestablish antioxidant enzyme activity. Although crowberry shows significant therapeutic efficacy in various tumors and diseases, its anticancer effects and specific molecular mechanisms in CCA are poorly understood.

6-methoxydihydroavicine, the alkaloid extracted from Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. (Papaveraceae), triggers RIPK1/Caspase-dependent cell death in pancreatic cancer cells through the disruption of oxaloacetic acid metabolism and accumulation of reactive oxygen species.

Background: Many extracts and purified alkaloids of M. cordata (Papaveraceae family) have been reported to display promising anti-tumor effects by inhibiting cancer cell growth and inducing apoptosis in many cancer types. However, no evidence currently exists for anti-pancreatic cancer activity of alkaloids extracted from M.

A synthesized olean-28,13β-lactam targets YTHDF1-GLS1 axis to induce ROS-dependent metabolic crisis and cell death in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a severe malignant with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 9%. Oleanolic acid is a well-known natural triterpenoid which exhibits pharmacological activities. We previously synthesized a series of oleanolic acid derivatives and evaluated the tumor-suppressive activity of olean-28,13β-lactam (B28) in prostate cancer.

Rapid Genome Evolution and Adaptation of Mediated by Recurrent RNA-Based and Tandem Gene Duplications.

Retrotransposons are the most abundant group of transposable elements (TEs) in plants, providing an extraordinarily versatile source of genetic variation. , a close relative of the model plant with worldwide distribution, thrives from sea level to above 4,000 m elevation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), China. Its strong adaptability renders it an ideal model system for studying plant adaptation in extreme environments.

Dihydroartemisinin: A Potential Drug for the Treatment of Malignancies and Inflammatory Diseases.

Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has been globally recognized for its efficacy and safety in the clinical treatment of malaria for decades. Recently, it has been found that DHA inhibits malignant tumor growth and regulates immune system function in addition to anti-malaria. In parasites and tumors, DHA causes severe oxidative stress by inducing excessive reactive oxygen species production.

RUNX2 and LAMC2: promising pancreatic cancer biomarkers identified by an integrative data mining of pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues.

Pancreatic carcinoma (PC) is a severe disease associated with high mortality. Although strategies for cancer therapy have made great progress, outcomes of pancreatic carcinoma patients remain extremely poor. Therefore, it is urgent to find novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

New Genes Interacted With Recent Whole-Genome Duplicates in the Fast Stem Growth of Bamboos.

As drivers of evolutionary innovations, new genes allow organisms to explore new niches. However, clear examples of this process remain scarce. Bamboos, the unique grass lineage diversifying into the forest, have evolved with a key innovation of fast growth of woody stem, reaching up to 1 m/day.