Speaking Stoma: Creating a Communication Guide for People With an Ostomy.

An ostomy is a life-changing procedure. Individuals who have ostomy surgery must adjust to changes post-operation, some of which involve changes to communication and managing social situations. The purpose of this project was to create an evidence-based communication guide for people with ostomies while transitioning to life after surgery and serve as a reference for the creation of communication guides for similar chronic illnesses.

'That gave me a lot of comfort, that he would ask my opinion about how we wanted to talk about this': A qualitative analysis of clinical communication experiences of ostomy patients.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the communication challenges and successes that people with ostomies experienced during their healthcare encounters.

Design: We conducted semistructured interviews of people with ostomies. Interviews focused on important social situations and health communication strategies for managing these situations.

Injectable Antioxidant and Oxygen-Releasing Lignin Composites to Promote Wound Healing.

The application of engineered biomaterials for wound healing has been pursued since the beginning of tissue engineering. Here, we attempt to apply functionalized lignin to confer antioxidation to the extracellular microenvironments of wounds and to deliver oxygen from the dissociation of calcium peroxide for enhanced vascularization and healing responses without eliciting inflammatory responses. Elemental analysis showed 17 times higher quantity of calcium in the oxygen-releasing nanoparticles.

A Qualitative Study on the Motivators, Barriers and Supports to Participation in a Pediatric Produce Prescription Program in Hawai'i.

Produce prescriptions that provide vouchers to individuals to purchase fresh FVs at a specified retail outlet have the potential to positively impact food security status, diet, and chronic disease risk. However, maximizing program participation is vital to ensuring program success. This research describes motivators, barriers, and support for participation in a child produce prescription program among a population of Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders, who are underrepresented in this field of research.

Attenuating Fibrotic Markers of Patient-Derived Dermal Fibroblasts by Thiolated Lignin Composites.

We report the use of phenolic functional groups of lignosulfonate to impart antioxidant properties and the cell binding domains of gelatin to enhance cell adhesion for poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based scaffolds. Chemoselective thiol-ene chemistry was utilized to form composites with thiolated lignosulfonate (TLS) and methacrylated fish gelatin (fGelMA). Antioxidant properties of TLS were not altered after thiolation and the levels of antioxidation were comparable to those of -ascorbic acid.

A Content Analysis of Living Organ Donation Materials from Certified Transplant Centers.

Despite the fact that living organ donation has the great potential to reduce the shortage of transplantable organs, it is still surrounded by many misconceptions, ethical concerns, and myths. Research conducted to understand factors contributing to public misconceptions related to living organ donation is rare. This research takes a content analytic approach to uncover how living organ donation is portrayed in materials developed and delivered by transplant centers across 11 regions.

Athletes with neurologic disease.

Neurologic disease does not discriminate, even among athletes. Common neurologic diseases among athletes include multiple sclerosis, seizures, headaches, and sleep disorders. Although concrete guidelines for sport participation among athletes with neurologic diseases do not exist, evidence-based and consensus statements can aid healthcare providers in determining whether and to what extent such athletes should participate in sports.

Expression, purification and characterization of human cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) 1C4.

Human cytosolic sulfotransferase 1C4 (hSULT1C4) is a dimeric Phase II drug-metabolizing enzyme primarily expressed in the developing fetus. SULTs facilitate the transfer of a hydrophilic sulfonate moiety from 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) onto an acceptor substrate altering the substrate's biological activity and increasing the compound's water solubility. While several of the hSULTs' endogenous and xenobiotic substrates have been identified, the physiological function of hSULT1C4 remains unknown.

A high frequency missense SULT1B1 allelic variant (L145V) selectively expressed in African descendants exhibits altered kinetic properties.

1. Human cytosolic sulfotransferase 1B1 (SULT1B1) sulfates small phenolic compounds and bioactivates polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. To date, no SULT1B1 allelic variants have been well-characterized.

Carboxy-terminal mutations of bile acid CoA:N-acyltransferase alter activity and substrate specificity.

Bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (BAAT) is the terminal enzyme in the synthesis of bile salts from cholesterol and catalyzes the conjugation of taurine or glycine to bile acid CoA thioesters to form bile acid N-acylamidates. BAAT has a dual localization to the cytosol and peroxisomes, possibly due to an inefficient carboxy-terminal peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS), -serine-glutamine-leucine (-SQL). Mutational analysis was used to define the role of the carboxy terminus in peroxisomal localization and kinetic activity.

Structural plasticity in the human cytosolic sulfotransferase dimer and its role in substrate selectivity and catalysis.

The cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) are dimeric enzymes that help maintain homeostasis through the modulation of hormone and drug activity by catalyzing their transformation into hydrophilic sulfate esters and increasing their excretion. Each of the thirteen active human SULT isoforms displays a unique substrate specificity pattern that underlies its individual role in our bodies. These specificities have proven to be complex, in some cases masking the biological role of specific isoforms.

Prevalence and correlates of insecticide-treated bednet use among HIV-1-infected adults in Kenya.

HIV-1-infected adults are at increased risk for malaria. Insecticide-treated bednets protect individuals from malaria. Little is known about correlates of ownership and use of bednets among HIV-1-infected individuals.

A partnership approach for Electronic Data Capture in small-scale clinical trials.

Amid researchers' growing need for study data management, the CTSA-funded Institute for Translational Health Sciences developed an approach to combine technical and scientific resources with small-scale clinical trials researchers in order to make Electronic Data Capture more efficient. In a 2-year qualitative evaluation we found that the importance of ease of use and training materials outweighed number of features and functionality. EDC systems we evaluated were Catalyst Web Tools, OpenClinica and REDCap.

Concept mapping to develop a framework for characterizing Electronic Data Capture (EDC) Systems.

CTSAs have brought about a push to find better EDC systems, which facilitate translational research. Based on the data management needs of a specific clinical/translational research lab, concept mapping was used to create a framework to evaluate EDCs. After refinement based on a spiral model, including consultations with the UW CTSA and a survey of other CTSAs, the tool was used to characterize EDCs used at CTSA sites across the country.

Budvicia aquatica sepsis in an immunocompromised patient following exposure to the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.

Budvicia aquatica has been found in surface water not associated with human faeces or sewage. The first known case is described of infection in an 85-year-old woman exposed to the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, who tested positive for B. aquatica from both blood and urine samples.

Using simulated rainfall to evaluate field and indoor surface runoff phosphorus relationships.

While numerous studies have evaluated the efficacy of outdoor rainfall simulations to predict P concentrations in surface runoff, few studies have linked indoor rainfall simulations to P concentrations in surface runoff from agricultural fields. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of indoor rainfall simulation to predict total dissolved P concentrations [TP(<0.45)] in field runoff for four dominant agricultural soils in South Dakota.

Effect of a trivalent vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus mastitis lymphocyte subpopulations, antibody production, and neutrophil phagocytosis.

The effect of a novel bovine mastitis trivalent vaccine, containing Staphylococcus aureus capsular polysaccharide type 5 (T5), 8 (T8), and 336 (T336), on lymphocyte subpopulations, antibody production, and neutrophil phagocytosis was evaluated. Twenty pregnant heifers were immunized with either the trivalent alone, trivalent emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FICA), trivalent in aluminum hydroxide, or adjuvant only (FICA). Immunization was done 30 d before the expected calving date followed by 2 boosts in a 2-week interval.

Immunization with Staphylococcus aureus lysate incorporated into microspheres.

Antibiotics are of limited value against Staphylococcus aureus due to development of resistant strains, scar tissue formation, and blockage of ducts due to inflammation. Though macrophages are the predominant cell type in the mammary gland, they are primarily scavenger cells and are not effective against bacteria entering the gland. Neutrophil phagocytosis is the bovine's primary defense against S.

Prevalence of capsular polysaccharide (CP) types of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitic milk and protection of S. aureus infection in mice with CP vaccine.

To determine the prevalence of capsular polysaccharide (CP) types of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitic milk in Korea, the protective effect of the conjugates, composed of microencapsulated S. aureus clinical isolate type 8 CP bound to Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (ETA) was evaluated in mice. Of 107 S.

Production of antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus serotypes 5, 8, and 336 using poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres.

Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for a major portion of the economic losses due to mastitis. Attempts to produce a vaccine to prevent S. aureus mastitis have been hampered by the low immunogenicity of the polysaccharide, which forms on the surface of the organism when it enters the mammary gland.

Adhesion receptor CD11b/CD18 contributes to neutrophil diapedesis across the bovine blood-milk barrier.

epithelium. Neutrophil migration across mammary arterial endothelial cells was almost completely dependent on CD18, the beta-chain of the beta(2) integrins, and to a lesser extent on CD11b, one of the alpha-chains of the beta(2) integrins. Neutrophil migration across collagen was partially blocked by monoclonal antibodies to CD18.

Diapedesis across mammary epithelium reduces phagocytic and oxidative burst of bovine neutrophils.

The effect of diapedesis on the phagocytic and oxidative burst activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) was examined, using an in vitro cell culture model consisting of a monolayer of primary mammary epithelial cells. Isolated blood PMN from 10 cows were added to the basal side of the epithelial cell monolayer. Diapedesis was induced by the addition of complement factor C5a to the apical side of the monolayer.

Hyperimmune bovine colostrum specific for recombinant Cryptosporidium parvum antigen confers partial protection against cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed adult mice.

Preparturient cows were immunized three times over a six-week period with recombinant plasmid DNA encoding the Cryptosporidium parvum CP15/60 antigen by injecting the DNA in the mammary gland. Serum was collected at each immunization and first colostrum was collected after parturition; all were assayed for Cryptosporidium-specific antibodies (Ab). A serological response to C.

Serotyping scheme for Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cows with mastitis.

Objective: To identify the Staphylococcus aureus capsular serotypes that are not typable, using capsular serotypes 5 and 8, which are currently used to type S aureus isolated from cows with mastitis.

Sample Population: Milk samples (n = 273) from cows with mastitis in 178 dairy herds in California, Wisconsin, Michigan, Texas, and New York that were collected by state diagnostic laboratories and S aureus-positive milk samples collected by Veterinary Health Services in the United Kingdom (15), France (22), The Netherlands (36), and Germany (21).

Procedure: Capsular serotyping of coded isolates was performed by use of direct cell agglutination and immunoprecipitation of cell extracts with antisera specific for capsular types 5 and 8 and a newly developed S aureus serotyping antiserum 336.