Comparative Morphology of Skeletal Development in and : Divergent Stiffening Patterns Due to Different Matrix Calcification Processes.

Before calcification begins, the early embryonic and fetal skeletal development of both mammalian and the chondrichthyan fish consists exclusively of cartilage. This cartilage is formed and shaped through processes involving tissue segmentation and the frequency, distribution, and orientation of chondrocyte mitoses. In the subsequent developmental phase, mineral deposition in the cartilage matrix conditions the development further.

Bridging the Diagnostic Gap for Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders: Evidence of a Common Extracellular Matrix Fragmentation Pattern in Patient Plasma as a Potential Biomarker.

Diagnosing hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) and hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD), common overlapping multisystemic conditions featuring symptomatic joint hypermobility, is challenging due to lack of established causes and diagnostic tools. Currently, the 2017 diagnostic criteria for hEDS are used, with non-qualifying cases classified as HSD, although the distinction remains debated. We previously showed extracellular matrix (ECM) disorganization in both hEDS and HSD dermal fibroblasts involving fibronectin (FN), type I collagen (COLLI), and tenascin (TN), with matrix metalloproteinase-generated fragments in conditioned media.

Skeletal calcification patterns of batoid, teleost, and mammalian models: Calcified cartilage versus bone matrix.

This study compares the skeletal calcification pattern of batoid Raja asterias with the endochondral ossification model of mammalians Homo sapiens and teleost Xiphias gladius. Skeletal mineralization serves to stiffen the mobile elements for locomotion. Histology, histochemistry, heat deproteination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/EDAX analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) have been applied in the study.

Fin systems comparative anatomy in model Batoidea Raja asterias and Torpedo marmorata: Insights and relatioships between musculo-skeletal layout, locomotion and morphology.

The macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the appendicular skeleton was studied in the two species Raja asterias (order Rajiformes) and Torpedo marmorata (Order Torpediniformes), comparing the organization and structural layout of pectoral, pelvic, and tail fin systems. The shape, surface area and portance of the T. marmorata pectoral fin system (hydrodynamic lift) were conditioned by the presence of the two electric organs in the disk central part, which reduced the pectoral fin surface area, suggesting a lower efficiency of the "flapping effectors" than those of R.

The combined cartilage growth - calcification patterns in the wing-fins of Rajidae (Chondrichthyes): A divergent model from endochondral ossification of tetrapods.

The relationship between cartilage growth - mineralization patterns were studied in adult Rajidae with X-ray morphology/morphometry, undecalcified resin-embedded, heat-deproteinated histology and scanning electron microscopy. Morphometry of the wing-fins, nine central rays of the youngest and oldest specimens documented a significant decrement of radials mean length between inner, middle and outer zones, but without a regular progression along the ray. This suggests that single radial length growth is regulated in such a way to align inter-radial joints parallel to the wing metapterygia curvature.

The complex rostral morphology and the endoskeleton ossification process of two adult samples of Xiphias gladius (Xiphiidae).

The authors studied the morphology of the upper and lower jaws, vertebrae and dorsal-fin rays of the teleost fish Xiphias gladius to analyse the skeletal architecture and ossification pattern. The analogies and differences among these segments were investigated to identify a common morphogenetic denominator of the bone tissue osteogenesis and modeling. The large fat glands in the proximal upper jaw and their relationship to the underlying cartilage (absent in the lower jaw) suggested that there is a mechanism that explains rostral overgrowth in the Xiphiidae and Istiophoriidae families.

Morphology of joints and patterns of cartilage calcification in the endoskeleton of the batoid Raja cf. polystigma.

The skeleton of the batoid fish consists of a mixture of calcified and uncalcified cartilage with a typical layout of mineral deposition toward the outer border, leaving an uncalcified central core in most of the skeleton segments. An exception is observed in the radials, where mineral deposition is central. Joints and endoskeleton segments were studied in two adult samples of Raja cf.

The structure of cortical bone as revealed by the application of methods for the calcified matrix study.

Calcination and decalcification are basic procedures useful to a morphological approach of a biological, composite material like cortical bone. The study was carried out on a whole human femur conserved in liquid (from an educational collection). Cortical fracturing and SEM observation of vascular canals surface collagen texture was used to study bone deproteination at scalar temperatures (400-1,200°C) and acid bone decalcification at crescent time intervals.

New morphological evidence of the 'fate' of growth plate hypertrophic chondrocytes in the general context of endochondral ossification.

The 'fate' of growth plate hypertrophic chondrocytes has been long debated with two opposing theories: cell apoptosis or survival with transformation into osteogenic cells. This study was carried out on the proximal tibial growth plate of rabbits using light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. We focused particularly on the orientation of the specimens included in order to define the mineral deposition and the vascular invasion lines and obtain histological and ultrastructural images at the corresponding height of the plate.

Necrotizing fasciitis of the hand: a case report.

Necrotizing Fasciitis is a rare life-threatening infection , usually polymicrobial, that frequently affects the extremities in as many as two thirds of the cases. It typically involves primarily the muscular fascia, and then spreads through muscular and subcutaneous tissues. The early diagnosis may be challenging , and appears to be crucial in the management of this condition.

Relationship between the chondrocyte maturation cycle and the endochondral ossification in the diaphyseal and epiphyseal ossification centers.

The chondrocyte maturation cycle and endochondral ossification were studied in human, fetal cartilage Anlagen and in postnatal meta-epiphyses. The relationship between the lacunar area, the inter-territorial fibril network variations, and calcium phosphorus nucleation in primary and secondary ossification centers were assessed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphometry. The Anlage topographic, zonal classification was derived from the anatomical nomenclature of the completely developed long bone (diaphysis, metaphyses and epiphyses).

Ascending tonic clonic seizure syndrome after percutaneous vertebroplasty.

Unlabelled: Background Context. Cement leakage is not a rare complication of vertebroplasty, but ascending tonic clonic seizure syndrome is exceptionally rare. We herein report the first case to our knowledge of this complication related to vertebroplasty.

Ghrelin Increases Beta-Catenin Level through Protein Kinase A Activation and Regulates OPG Expression in Rat Primary Osteoblasts.

Ghrelin, by binding growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), promotes osteoblast proliferation but the signaling mechanism of GHS-R on these cells remains unclear. Since canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway is critically associated with bone homeostasis, we investigated its involvement in mediating ghrelin effects in osteoblasts and in osteoblast-osteoclast cross talk. Ghrelin (10(-10)M) significantly increased β-catenin levels in rat osteoblasts (rOB).

Setup of a bone aging experimental model in the rabbit comparing changes in cortical and trabecular bone: Morphological and morphometric study in the femur.

Bone aging was studied in an experimental model (rabbit femur) in three populations aged 0.5, 1.5, and 7.

Pregnancy-associated osteoporosis with seven vertebral compression fractures, a case treated with strontium ranelate.

This paper shows a case of pregnancy-associated osteoporosis (PAO) with seven vertebral compression fractures treated with strontium ranelate and supplementation of calcium and cholecalciferol. Clinical evaluation, laboratory and radiological results are analyzed in the case-report to demonstrate that strontium ranelate is a good option to restore quickly the value of bone mineral density in the treatment of a case of PAO.

Osteosynthesis and hip replacement in proximal femur fractures.

Proximal femur fractures are common in elderly osteoporotic patients. The consequences of hip fractures in elderly individuals are significant in terms of years of life lost and reduction of the quality of life. The goal of the treatment is to return the patients to their pre-fracture level of quality of life and avoid complications during the surgery.

Dietary tryptophan manipulation reveals a central role for serotonin in the anabolic response of appendicular skeleton to physical activity in rats.

Several studies support a serotonin role in the physiological control of bone mass. However, whether serotonin (5-HT) is involved in bone loss due to reduced mechanical stress or unloading is unknown. We investigated the effects of reduced 5-HT tone, induced by tryptophan-free diet, in movement-restraint osteopenia induced by housing mature rats, acclimatised in single cages with a floor area of 1,500 cm(2), in smaller size single cages where their motor activity was reduced.

A model of osteoblast-osteocyte kinetics in the development of secondary osteons in rabbits.

The kinetics of osteogenic cells within secondary osteons have been examined within a 2-D model. The linear osteoblast density of the osteons and the osteocyte lacunae density were compared with other endosteal lamellar systems of different geometries. The cell density was significantly greater in the endosteal appositional zone and was always flatter than the central osteonal canals.

The surgical treatment of isolated mason type 2 fractures of the radial head in adults: comparison between radial head resection and open reduction and internal fixation.

Objectives: To compare the outcomes of two different surgical treatments for the management of isolated closed Mason Type 2 radial head fractures.

Design: Retrospective study. The Student t test and McPearson chi-square test were used to evaluate whether there was a significance difference between the groups.

The possible introduction of anti-osteoporosis drugs as an integrated treatment in total hip arthroplasty.

The anchorage of cementless total hip arthroplasty relies on a direct bone to implant bonding. Several factors including material properties and surface treatment determine the interfacial response of the host bone to a foreign material. Another factor that must be taken into account is the bone remodeling after the prosthesis introduction.

A review of the actual knowledge of the processes governing growth and development of long bones.

Autoptic samples of human bones (from 8 weeks of gestation to 12 years of age) and a second group of serial, skeletal x-rays (required for pathologies not related to bone dysplasia in children from 4 months to 17 years of age) provided the material for the analysis of the physes normal growth mechanism presented in this review. Before the appearance of the ossification centers epiphyseal growth rests exclusively on chondrocytes proliferation (interstitial growth), without any detectable differentiated cellular organization. When endochondral ossification starts a defined spatial disposition of chondrocytes and a corresponding organization of the intercellular matrix is set up, so that it is possible to identify a growth vector corresponding to the columns of piled chondrocytes with direction from hypertrophic toward the proliferative cell layers.

Structural pattern and functional correlations of the long bone diaphyses intracortical vascular system: investigation carried out with China ink perfusion and multiplanar analysis in the rabbit femur.

The intracortical vessel system of the rabbit femur has been studied after perfusion of the vascular tree with a water solution of dye (China ink) with multiplanar analysis. This method utilizes the full depth of field of the microscope objectives focusing different planes of the thick cortex. The microscopic observation even if restricted to a limited volume of cortex allowed to differentiate true 3-D nodes (54.

The fibrillar organisation of the osteon and cellular aspects of its development : a morphological study using the SEM fractured cortex technique.

The collagen architecture of secondary osteons was studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) employing the fractured cortex technique and osmic maceration. Fibrillar orientation and the change in their direction in sequential lamellae was documented where lamellar formation was ongoing, as well as in resorption pits where osteoclasts had exposed the collagen organisation of the underlying layers. Applying an adaptive stereo matching technique, the mean thickness of matrix layers removed by osteoclasts was 1.