The Mediator complex subunit MoMed15 plays an important role in conferring sensitivity to isoprothiolane by modulating xenobiotic metabolism in .

Rice blast caused by is one of the most economically important rice diseases. Fungicides such as isoprothiolane (IPT) have been used extensively for rice blast control, but resistance to IPT in is an emerging threat. In this study, molecular mechanisms of resistance in IPT-resistant mutants were identified.

Propiconazole resistance phenotypes in from South Carolina peaches are linked to point mutations in gene.

Geotrichum candidum Link (1809) is a yeast-like fungus that causes sour rot of peach (Prunus persica). Outbreaks of the disease have occurred since 2021 in peach fruit kept in cold storage despite post-harvest treatments with propiconazole at a commercial farm in South Carolina (SC). A total of 58 isolates, 40 from symptomatic fruit from cold storage in Saluda County (SC packing house isolates), 11 from three SC orchards in Saluda County, Spartanburg County, and Pickens County (SC non-packing house isolates), and 7 California (CA) isolates (at least 3 from packing houses) were evaluated for propiconazole sensitivity.

Fludioxonil does not antagonize propiconazole activity against .

Fludioxonil and propiconazole are frequently used fungicides for managing fungal diseases in specialty crops. They are often used in mixture to manage brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola and sour rot caused by the yeast-like fungus Geotrichum candidum,respectively, on stone fruits. Research indicated, however, that fludioxonil can increase the expression of the ATP-binding cassette transporters CDR1 and CDR2 in the yeast Candida albicans, leading to increased resistance to DMI fungicides.

Pyrrolnitrin in strain AFS009 metabolites reduces constitutive and DMI-induced MfCYP51 gene expression in .

Brown rot, caused by Monilinia fructicola, is one of the most economically important diseases of peach. Demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides play an important part in managing brown rot in the southeastern U.S.

In vitro co-culture system for investigating Armillaria root rot in Prunus spp. using a fiber-supported liquid approach.

In vitro co-culture techniques that allow the growth of plants and pathogens under controlled environmental conditions are being used to re-create host plant infection. These approaches reduce infection times, promote reproducibility, and enable a rapid evaluation of plant-pathogen interactions. As a result, these systems have become essential in breeding programs aimed at developing plant resistance to diseases.

Characterization and fungicide sensitivity of causing Gnomonia Leaf Blotch of strawberry in the Carolinas.

Emerging fungal pathogens have always been an issue of concern in southeastern U.S. strawberry production.

Visual detection of fungicide resistance by combining RPA and CRISPR/Cas12a in peach Brown rot fungus Monilinia fructicola.

Background: Peach brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola severely affects the quality and yield of peach, resulting in large economic losses worldwide. Methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) fungicides and sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides are among the most applied chemical classes used to control the disease but resistance in the target pathogen has made them risky choices. Timely monitoring of resistance to these fungicides in orchards could prevent control failure in practice.

Metabolites Reduce Expression and Yield Synergistic Efficacy in Mixture with Reduced Rates of Propiconazole Against DMI-Resistant Isolates.

Brown rot caused by is one of the most important diseases affecting peach production in the southeastern United States. Management often involves the use of demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides, but efficacy can be compromised because of overexpression of the gene encoding the 14α-demethylase of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the biorational fungicide Howler EVO containing ASF009 metabolites on the expression of in and associated synergy with a DMI fungicide for control of DMI-resistant strains.

Bioproducts of Suppress DMI Fungicide-Induced and Gene Expression in and Generate Synergistic Effects with Metconazole and Propiconazole.

Mixtures of fungicides with different modes of action are commonly used as disease and resistance management tools, but little is known of mixtures of natural and synthetic products. In this study, mixtures of metabolites from the rhizobacterium strain ASF009 formulated as Howler EVO with below-label rates (50 µg/ml) of conventional sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides were investigated for control of anthracnose of cherry () caused by . Howler mixed with metconazole or propiconazole synergistically reduced disease severity through lesion growth.

Development of a Long-Amplicon Propidium Monoazide-Quantitative PCR Assay for Detection of Viable pv. Cells in Peach Trees.

Bacterial spot is one of the most serious diseases of peach caused by the pathogen pv. (XAP), leading to early defoliation and unmarketable fruit. The pathogen can overwinter in peach twigs and form spring cankers, which are considered the primary inoculum source for early season leaf and fruitlet infection.

Influence of Propiconazole and Metconazole Formulations on Vegetative Cell Growth and Disease Control of Fruit Crops.

Biological control agent formulated as Theia is registered for control of fungal and bacterial diseases of fruit crops. Combinations of Theia and strategic concentrations of two demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides were investigated to explore potential synergisms. Bacteria were cultured in nutrient broth and combined with technical grades and two formulations of propiconazole (emulsifiable concentrate [EC] and wettable powder) and metconazole (EC and water-dispersible granule) at 0, 10, 50, 100, and 150 µg/ml of active ingredient.

Detection and Characterization of subsp. in Rabbiteye Blueberry in South Carolina.

causes bacterial leaf scorch in southern highbush ( interspecific hybrids) and is also associated with a distinct disease phenotype in rabbiteye blueberry () cultivars in the southeastern United States. Both subsp. and subsp.

Identification of Fungicide Combinations for Overcoming and Fungicide Resistance.

Fungal diseases, including downy mildew (caused by ) and gray mold (caused by ), significantly impact the marketable yield of grapes produced worldwide. Cytochrome b of the mitochondrial respiratory chain of these two fungi is a key target for Quinone outside inhibitor (QoI)-based fungicide development. Since the mode of action (MOA) of QoI fungicides is restricted to a single site, the extensive usage of these fungicides has resulted in fungicide resistance.

Low frequency of resistance to thiophanate-methyl in Monilinia fructicola populations from southeastern United States peach orchards.

Methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) fungicides were once widely used for brown rot (Monilinia fructicola) control of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) in the southeastern US, but their use was substantially reduced and often eliminated due to widespread resistance. In this study, 233 M.

Reevaluation of Sensitivity of Isolates to the DMI Fungicide Propiconazole in the Southeastern United States and Investigation of the Genetic Element Mona.

Sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides continue to be essential components for the control of brown rot of peach caused by in the United States and worldwide. In the southeastern United States, resistance to DMIs had been associated with overexpression of the cytochrome P450 14α-demethylase gene Mf as well as the genetic element Mona, a 65 bp in length nucleotide sequence located upstream of Mf in resistant isolates. About 20 years after the first survey, we reevaluated sensitivity of from South Carolina and Georgia to propiconazole and also evaluated isolates from Alabama for the first time.

Efficacy of calcium propionate against fungicide-resistant fungal plant pathogens and suppression of botrytis blight of ornamental flowers.

Conventional fungicides are used in IPM programs to manage fungal plant pathogens, but there are concerns about resistance development in target organisms, environmental contamination, and human health risks. This study explored the potential of calcium propionate (CaP), a common food preservative generally recognized as safe (GRAS) to control fungicide-resistant plant pathogens, mainly Botrytis cinerea, and botrytis blight in ornamentals. In-vitro experiments using mycelium growth inhibition indicated a mean EC value for CaP (pH 6.

Transcriptomics reveal the genetic coordination of early defense to root rot (ARR) in spp.

root rot (ARR) poses a significant threat to the long-term productivity of stone-fruit and nut crops in the predominant production area of the United States. To mitigate this issue, the development of ARR-resistant and horticulturally-acceptable rootstocks is a crucial step towards the maintenance of production sustainability. To date, genetic resistance to ARR has been found in exotic plum germplasm and a peach/plum hybrid rootstock, 'MP-29'.

The velvet family proteins mediate low resistance to isoprothiolane in Magnaporthe oryzae.

Isoprothiolane (IPT) resistance has emerged in Magnaporthe oryzae, due to the long-term usage of IPT to control rice blast in China, yet the mechanisms of the resistance remain largely unknown. Through IPT adaptation on PDA medium, we obtained a variety of IPT-resistant mutants. Based on their EC50 values to IPT, the resistant mutants were mainly divided into three distinct categories, i.

A Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for the Identification of in Strawberry.

Gray mold in strawberry is caused by multiple species of , including , , , and . The species and are widespread in production regions of the eastern United States and Germany, and their distinction is important for disease management strategies. Currently, the only way to differentiate these species in field samples is by PCR, which is time consuming, labor intensive, and costly.

Genetic Diversity and Fungicide Sensitivity of on Peach.

D.P. Lawr.

Development of a Molecular Tool for Identification of a New sp. Associated with Disease Outbreaks on Strawberry.

A new sp. was recently reported causing outbreaks of leaf spot and fruit rot on strawberry in Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina. In contrast to other pathogens, the new species appears more aggressive and destructive on strawberry.

Identification and Fungicide Sensitivity of spp. from Apple Flowers and Fruitlets in Brazil.

Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) and bitter rot (BR), caused by spp., are major diseases on apple in southern Brazil. Among integrated pest management tools for disease management in commercial orchards, fungicides remain an important component.

Correction: Histone H3 gene is not a suitable marker to distinguish Alternaria tenuissima from A. alternata affecting potato.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Species Associated with Peaches in China.

is regarded as one of the 10 most important genera of plant pathogens in the world. It causes diseases in a wide range of economically important plants, including peaches. China is the largest producer of peaches in the world but little is known about the spp.

Oxytetracycline and Streptomycin Resistance Genes in pv. , the Causal Agent of Bacterial Spot in Peach.

pv. () causes bacterial spot, a major worldwide disease of species. Very few chemical management options are available for this disease and frequent applications of oxytetracycline (OTC) in the United States peach orchards have raised concerns about resistance development.