Examining confidential wholesale margin estimates in European countries for the price negotiation of patented drugs in Germany: a statistical model.

Background: Based on the legal framework laid down in section 130b (9) of Book V of the German Social Code, various criteria are relevant for the negotiated price for new patented drugs in Germany. European reference prices (ERPs) are one criterion. The ERP is based on the ex-factory prices (EFPs) of the countries included in the European country basket.

Patient-level indirect treatment comparison of lanadelumab versus pdC1-INH i.v. in hereditary angioedema patients: PATCH study.

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease in which patients suffer from local attacks primarily affecting skin and gastrointestinal tract, and sometimes even the upper respiratory tract leading to asphyxiation. Since head-to-head trials between authorized treatments are lacking, this study compares efficacy and safety of lanadelumab and intravenous plasma-derived C1-esterase inhibitor (pdC1-INH i.v.

Examining patient preferences in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis using a discrete-choice approach.

Background: Biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) used in second-line treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are administered parenterally. However, so-called targeted synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs) - developed more recently - offer alternative (ie, oral) administration forms in second-line treatment. Since bDMARDs and tsDMARDs can be regarded as equal in terms of efficacy, the present study examines whether such characteristics as route of administration drive RA patients' treatment choice.

Predictors of response to early basal insulin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes--the EARLY experience.

Background: It was the aim of this study to assess baseline predictors for glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction, treatment-to-target, and insulin glargine dose in patients with an HbA1c level of ≥ 7.5% (58 mmol/mol) at baseline despite 3 months of maximum tolerated dose of metformin under daily conditions.

Subjects And Methods: This was an open, multicenter, prospective observational study with a 6-month follow-up including 1,438 patients with type 2 diabetes.

Influence on persistence and adherence with oral bisphosphonates on fracture rates in osteoporosis.

Background And Aim: Oral bisphosphonates have been shown to reduce the risk of fractures in patients with osteoporosis. It can be assumed that the clinical effectiveness of oral bisphosphonates depends on persistence with therapy.

Methods: The influence of persistence with and adherence to oral bisphosphonates on fracture risk in a real-life setting was investigated.

The impact of pharmaceuticals on the decline of cardiovascular mortality in Germany.

Purpose: The effect of innovative medicines and surgical interventions on the decline of (cardiovascular) mortality is often called into question. The increase in general economic prosperity is often seen as the main reason for the continuous increase in life expectancy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which mortality from cardiovascular diseases has been affected by pharmaceuticals and other medical interventions over the last 30 years in Germany.

Comparison of the effects of diclofenac or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and diclofenac or other NSAIDs in combination with proton pump inhibitors (PPI) on hospitalisation due to peptic ulcer disease.

Purpose: Up to 25% of patients taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) chronically experience gastrointestinal side effects. This report aims to determine the gastroprotective effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) in patients taking NSAIDs, especially diclofenac.

Methods: From the claims database of a German sickness fund with 1.