Effect of inhibition of the FGFR-MAPK signaling pathway on the development of ocular toxicities.

By the introduction of molecularly targeted anti-cancer drugs, that are designed to intervene with specific pathways aberrant in cancers with distinct mutations, the type of adverse events encountered has changed greatly compared to the adverse events profile of classical chemotherapeutic agents. Ocular toxicities, such as serous retinal detachment and retinal vein occlusion, are observed in the treatment with several protein kinase inhibitors, such as MEK inhibitors. This review discusses the pathophysiology, diagnosis and advice for clinical management of these toxicities, and focuses on the current understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms.