State of the art of real-life concentration monitoring of rifampicin and its implementation contextualized in resource-limited settings: the Tanzanian case.

The unique medical and socio-economic situation in each country affected by TB creates different epidemiological contexts, thus providing exploitable loopholes for the spread of the disease. Country-specific factors such as comorbidities, health insurance, social stigma or the rigidity of the health system complicate the management of TB and the overall outcome of each patient. First-line TB drugs are administered in a standardized manner, regardless of patient characteristics other than weight.

Dorsal Cortical Screw Penetration in Volar Distal Radius Plating: Comparison of 3 Fluoroscopic Views.

Background: The skyline or dorsal tangential view (DTV) and the carpal shoot-through (CST) have been developed to enhance the intraoperative examination of the distal radius's dorsal cortex during open reduction and internal fixation with volar plates. This study aimed to assess the lateral view (LV), DTV, and CST's effectiveness in showcasing screws that penetrate the dorsal cortex.

Methods: Eighty patients, comprised of 42 women and 38 men with an average age of 53 years, underwent volar locking plate fixation for displaced distal radius fractures.

Importance of Sex-Dependent Differences for Dosing Selection and Optimization of Chemotherapeutic Drugs.

Background: Despite major advances in cancer treatment in the past years, there is a need to optimize chemotherapeutic drug dosing strategies to reduce toxicities, suboptimal responses, and the risk of relapse. Most cancer drugs have a narrow therapeutic index with substantial pharmacokinetics variability. Yet, current dosing approaches do not fully account for the complex pathophysiological characteristics of the patients.

Toward a Clinical Decision Support System for Monitoring Therapeutic Antituberculosis Medical Drugs in Tanzania (Project TuberXpert): Protocol for an Algorithm' Development and Implementation.

Background: The end tuberculosis (TB) strategy requires a novel patient treatment approach contrary to the one-size-fits-all model. It is well known that each patient's physiology is different and leads to various rates of drug elimination. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) offers a way to manage drug dosage adaptation but requires trained pharmacologists, which is scarce in resource-limited settings.

A population pharmacokinetic model for sertraline in women during the perinatal period-A contribution from the ConcePTION project.

Aims: Sertraline is frequently prescribed for mental health conditions in both pregnant and breastfeeding women. According to the limited available data, only small amounts of sertraline are transferred into human milk, yet with a large amount of unexplained interindividual variability. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model to describe the pharmacokinetics of sertraline during the perinatal period and explain interindividual variability.

Population Pharmacokinetics in Oncology and Its Clinical Applications.

Most traditional cytotoxic drugs are characterized by steep dose-response relationships and narrow therapeutic windows [...

Population Pharmacokinetics of Trametinib and Impact of Nonadherence on Drug Exposure in Oncology Patients as Part of the Optimizing Oral Targeted Anticancer Therapies Study.

Trametinib is a targeted therapy used for the treatment of solid tumours, with significant variability reported in real-life studies. This variability increases the risk of suboptimal exposure, which can lead to treatment failure or increased toxicity. Using model-based simulation, this study aims to characterize and investigate the pharmacokinetics and the adequacy of the currently recommended doses of trametinib.

Novel Patient-Friendly Orodispersible Formulation of Ivermectin is Associated With Enhanced Palatability, Controlled Absorption, and Less Variability: High Potential for Pediatric Use.

Ivermectin has been used since the 1980s as an anthelmintic and antiectoparasite agent worldwide. Currently, the only available oral formulation is tablets designed for adult patients. A patient-friendly orodispersible tablet formulation designed for pediatric use (CHILD-IVITAB) has been developed and is entering early phase clinical trials.

Case report: complete long-lasting response to multimodal third line treatment with neurosurgical resection, carmustine wafer implantation and dabrafenib plus trametinib in a mutated high-grade glioma.

Dabrafenib plus trametinib is a promising new therapy for patients affected by -mutant glioma, with high overall response and manageable toxicity. We described a complete and long-lasting response in a case of recurrent anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma CNS WHO-grade 3 mutated. Due to very poor prognosis, there are a few described cases of high-grade glioma (HGG) patients treated with the combined target therapy as third-line treatment.

Isavuconazole for the Treatment of Fungal Infections: A Real-life Experience From the Fungal Infection Network of Switzerland (FUNGINOS).

This analysis of 116 isavuconazole therapy courses shows that hepatic test disturbances (HTDs) were relatively frequent (29% of cases) but rarely led to treatment interruption (5%). Importantly, patients with baseline HTDs, including those attributed to a first-line triazole, did not exhibit a higher risk of subsequent HTD under isavuconazole therapy.

Population Pharmacokinetics of Cabotegravir Following Oral Administration and Long-Acting Intramuscular Injection in Real-World People with HIV.

Long-acting cabotegravir has been studied mainly in the stringent framework of clinical trials, which does not necessarily reflect the situation of people with HIV (PWH) in routine clinical settings. The present population pharmacokinetic analysis aims to build real-world reference percentile curves of cabotegravir concentrations, accounting for patient-related factors that may affect cabotegravir exposure. The second objective is to simulate whether dosing interval adjustments of cabotegravir could be considered in specific subpopulations.

Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods for the therapeutic drug monitoring of cytotoxic anticancer drugs: An update.

In the era of precision medicine, there is increasing evidence that conventional cytotoxic agents may be suitable candidates for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)- guided drug dosage adjustments and patient's tailored personalization of non-selective chemotherapies. To that end, many liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assays have been developed for the quantification of conventional cytotoxic anticancer chemotherapies, that have been comprehensively and critically reviewed. The use of stable isotopically labelled internal standards (IS) of cytotoxic drugs was strikingly uncommon, accounting for only 48 % of the methods found, although their use could possible to suitably circumvent patients' samples matrix effects variability.

The Occurrence of Microplastics in (Mollusca: Bivalvia) Collected along the Tuscany Coast (Mediterranean Sea).

Microplastics (MPs) (0.1 µm-5 mm particles) have been documented in oceans and seas. Bivalve molluscs (BMs) can accumulate MPs and transfer to humans through the food chain.

Guidance for the Interpretation of Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine Concentrations Based on Real-World Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Data and Documented Failures.

The interpretation of long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine concentrations is complicated by the lack of consensus on the threshold to consider. Building on real-world therapeutic drug monitoring data and documented virologic failures, this article provides a reappraisal of the existing thresholds and guidance for the interpretation of cabotegravir and rilpivirine concentrations.

Corrigendum: Bevacizumab-Irinotecan combination therapy in recurrent low-grade glioma, previously treated with chemo-radiotherapy: a case report.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.

Pull-out vs. suture in zone Ia-Ib flexor tendon injuries: clinical results from a multicentre cohort study.

Background: Several surgical techniques have been reported for flexor tendon zone 1a-b lacerations without a clear consensus on the gold standard treatment. The purpose of this multicentre study was to measure the outcomes of zone 1a-b flexor tendon injuries treated with a pull-out suture (POS) versus direct suture (DS) technique.

Patients And Methods: Fifteen patients were treated with the pull-out technique and 22 patients with a direct suture technique between 2014 and 2020.

The evolving phenotype of autoimmune hepatitis across the millennium: The 40-year experience of a referral centre in Italy.

Background And Aims: During recent years, there have been major insight into the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). We aim to evaluate modifications of the clinical-epidemiological phenotype of AIH patients from 1980 to our days.

Methods: Single-centre, tertiary care retrospective study on 507 consecutive Italian patients with AIH.

Real-world trough concentrations and effectiveness of long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine: a multicenter prospective observational study in Switzerland.

Background: The efficacy and tolerability of long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine were demonstrated in Phase III trials. However, low concentrations combined with other risk factors have been associated with an increased risk of virologic failure. This study aims to verify whether drug concentrations measured in a real-world setting are consistent with those previously reported.

Population pharmacokinetic analysis of doravirine in real-world people with HIV.

Aims: The pharmacokinetics of doravirine has been studied in clinical trials but not in real-world settings. Our study aims to characterize and identify factors influencing doravirine (a CYP3A4 substrate) pharmacokinetics in real-world people with HIV (PWH).

Methods: A total of 174 doravirine concentrations measured in 146 PWH followed up in the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) program at the University Hospital of Lausanne (Switzerland) between 2019 and 2023 were included in the analysis.

[Risk assessment of drugs during breastfeeding].

Medication intake during the postpartum period is common with discontinuation of breastfeeding sometimes unnecessarily recommended for fear of adverse effects in the breastfed infant, while exposure through human milk is generally low. The assessment of risks associated with medication intake during breastfeeding is based, among other things, on the little clinical evidence available in specialized sources of information, and on pharmacokinetic principles. A decision-making support is presented to facilitate communication with mothers, foster medication adherence and prevent unnecessary interruption of breastfeeding.

Bevacizumab-Irinotecan combination therapy in recurrent low-grade glioma, previously treated with chemo-radiotherapy: a case report.

Low grade gliomas (LGGs) of pineal region are usually difficult to remove and they frequently relapse or progress after front line chemotherapy. Bevacizumab-Irinotecan (BEVIRI) combination has been successfully attempted in children with recurrent LGGs, in most cases not previously irradiated. The efficacy of bevacizumab has also been described in radiation necrosis.

Population pharmacokinetic analysis of lopinavir in HIV negative individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2: a COPEP (COronavirus Post-Exposure Prophylaxis) sub-study.

Background: Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) is a drug traditionally used for the treatment of HIV that has been repurposed as a potential post-exposure prophylaxis agent against COVID-19 in the COronavirus Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (COPEP) study. The present analysis aims to evaluate LPV levels in individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 versus people living with HIV (PLWH) by developing a population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model, while characterizing external and patient-related factors that might affect LPV exposure along with dose-response association.

Methods: We built a popPK model on 105 LPV concentrations measured in 105 HIV-negative COPEP individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2, complemented with 170 LPV concentrations from 119 PLWH followed in our routine therapeutic drug-monitoring programme.