Rice Reference Genes (RRG): redefining reference genes in rice by mining RNA-seq datasets.

Reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) is esteemed for its precision and reliability, positioning it as the standard for evaluating gene expression. Selecting suitable reference genes is crucial for acquiring accurate data on target gene expression. However, identifying appropriate reference genes for specific rice tissues or growth conditions has been a challenge.

OsRAV1 Regulates Seed Vigor and Salt Tolerance During Germination in Rice.

Seed vigor is a complex trait encompassing seed germination, seedling emergence, growth, seed longevity, and stress tolerance, all are crucial for direct seeding in rice. Here, we report that the AP2/ERF transcription factor OsRAV1 (RELATED TO ABI3 AND VP1) positively regulates seed germination, vigor, and salt tolerance. Additionally, OsRAV1 was differently expressed in embryo and endosperm, with the OsRAV1 localized in the nucleus.

Association between Reactive Oxygen Species, Transcription Factors, and Candidate Genes in Drought-Resistant Sorghum.

Drought stress is one of the most severe natural disasters in terms of its frequency, length, impact intensity, and associated losses, making it a significant threat to agricultural productivity. Sorghum (), a C4 plant, shows a wide range of morphological, physiological, and biochemical adaptations in response to drought stress, paving the way for it to endure harsh environments. In arid environments, sorghum exhibits enhanced water uptake and reduced dissipation through its morphological activity, allowing it to withstand drought stress.

Transcriptomic analysis of salt-tolerant and sensitive high-yield japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) reveals complicated salt-tolerant mechanisms.

Developing and cultivating rice varieties is a potent strategy for reclaiming salinity-affected soils for rice production. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms conferring salt tolerance, especially in conventional high-yield japonica rice varieties, remain obscure. In this study, Zhendao 23309 (ZD23309) exhibited significantly less grain yield reduction under a salt stress gradient than the control variety Wuyunjing 30 (WYJ30).

Simplified panicle fertilization is applicable to cultivars, but splits are preferred in rice for a higher paddy yield under wheat straw return.

Introduction: The panicle fertilization strategy for japonica and indica rice under wheat straw return (SR) has not been updated, especially on the elaboration of their impacts on spikelet differentiation and degeneration. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that SR increases spikelet number by reducing spikelet degeneration and to explore the possibility of simplifying panicle fertilization.

Methods: In three consecutive years, four varieties of japonica and indica rice were field-grown in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.

Validation of Novel Reference Genes in Different Rice Plant Tissues through Mining RNA-Seq Datasets.

Reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) is arguably the most prevalent and accurate quantitative gene expression analysis. However, selection of reliable reference genes for RT-qPCR in rice () is still limited, especially for a specific tissue type or growth condition. In this study, we took the advantage of our RNA-seq datasets encompassing data from five rice varieties with diverse treatment conditions, identified 12 novel candidate reference genes, and conducted rigorous evaluations of their suitability across typical rice tissues.

Progress of Research on the Physiology and Molecular Regulation of Sorghum Growth under Salt Stress by Gibberellin.

Plant growth often encounters diverse abiotic stresses. As a global resource-based ecological problem, salinity is widely distributed and one of the major abiotic stresses affecting crop yields worldwide. Sorghum, a cereal crop with medium salt tolerance and great value for the development and utilization of salted soils, is an important source of food, brewing, energy, and forage production.

Elevated atmospheric CO concentration triggers redistribution of nitrogen to promote tillering in rice.

Elevated atmospheric CO concentration (eCO) often reduces nitrogen (N) content in rice plants and stimulates tillering. However, there is a general consensus that reduced N would constrain rice tillering. To resolve this contradiction, we investigated N distribution and transcriptomic changes in different rice plant organs after subjecting them to eCO and different N application rates.

Transcriptomic and Co-Expression Network Profiling of Shoot Apical Meristem Reveal Contrasting Response to Nitrogen Rate between and Rice Subspecies.

Reducing nitrogen (N) input is a key measure to achieve a sustainable rice production in China, especially in Jiangsu Province. Tiller is the basis for achieving panicle number that plays as a major factor in the yield determination. In actual production, excessive N is often applied in order to produce enough tillers in the early stages.

Global Transcriptome and Co-Expression Network Analysis Reveal Contrasting Response of and Rice Cultivar to γ Radiation.

and are two important subspecies in cultivated Asian rice. Irradiation is a classical approach to induce mutations and create novel germplasm. However, little is known about the differential response between and rice after γ radiation.

Identification of QTL Associated with Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Using High Throughput Genotyped CSSLs in Rice ( L.).

Nitrogen (N) availability is a major factor limiting crop growth and development. Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for N uptake (NUP) and N use efficiency (NUE) can provide useful information regarding the genetic basis of these traits and their associated effects on yield production. In this study, a set of high throughput genotyped chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from a cross between recipient 9311 and donor Nipponbare were used to identify QTL for rice NUP and NUE.

Correction: Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Toot Traits Using Sequencing-Based Genotyping Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines Derived from 9311 and Nipponbare in Rice (Oryza sativa L.).

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Toot Traits Using Sequencing-Based Genotyping Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines Derived from 9311 and Nipponbare in Rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with rice root morphology provides useful information for avoiding drought stress and maintaining yield production under the irrigation condition. In this study, a set of chromosome segment substitution lines derived from 9311 as the recipient and Nipponbare as donor, were used to analysis root morphology. By combining the resequencing-based bin-map with a multiple linear regression analysis, QTL identification was conducted on root number (RN), total root length (TRL), root dry weight (RDW), maximum root length (MRL), root thickness (RTH), total absorption area (TAA) and root vitality (RV), using the CSSL population grown under hydroponic conditions.

[Effects of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) on dry matter production and allocation in wheat].

A free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment was conducted in 2001-2003 to study the effects of predicted higher CO2 levels on the dry matter (DM) production and allocation in winter wheat variety Ningmai 9. The results showed that under FACE, the DM production had an increase of 10. 8% , 31.

[Effects of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) on yield formation of wheat].

To investigate the effects of predicted higher CO2 levels on the growth duration, plant height, yield, and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment with weak gluten variety Ningmai 9 was conducted at Anzhen of Wuxi in Jiangsu Province in 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 growth seasons. The target [CO2] in FACE plots was 200 microl x L(-1) above that in ambient air.

[Dry matter accumulation and allocation models of rice in FACE].

A fertilization experiment with 150 kg N x hm(-2), 250 kg N xhm(-2) and 350 kg N x hm(-2) was conducted on the free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) platform at Wuxi of Jiangsu Province in 2001-2003, aimed to build a simulation model of dry matter accumulation and allocation of rice in FACE. Physiological development time and CO2 concentration were selected as the driving factor and the main affecting factor, respectively, and nitrogen application rate was introduced as the factor adjusting the dry matter accumulation and allocation in green leaf, stem and panicle. The results showed that with the increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration, the dry matter accumulation in above-ground part of rice increased remarkably, but the allocation index dropped in green leaf, changed little in panicle, while increased in stem at early stage and equaled to the CK at last.

[Dynamic model of rice tiller in FACE].

With Japonica cultivar Wuxiangjing 14 as test material, a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment was conducted at Anzhen and Wuxi of Jiangsu Province in 2001 to approximately 2003. The target CO2 concentration of FACE plots was 570 micromol x mol(-1), 200 micromol x mol(-1) higher than that of ambient air. Three levels of N were supplied as LN (150 kg x hm(-2)), MN (250 kg x hm(-2)) and HN (350 kg x hm(-2)).

[Effects of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) on phosphorus nutrition of Oryza sativa at its different growth stages].

Using free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) platform and under different nitrogen supply level, this paper studied the phosphorus nutrition of Oryza sativa at its different growth stages. The CO2 concentration of FACE platform was 200 micromol.mol(-1) more than that in ambient air, and the nitrogen supply levels were 150 kg.

Toxicity of copper on rice growth and accumulation of copper in rice grain in copper contaminated soil.

Pot soil experiments showed that copper (Cu) is highly toxic to rice. Rice grain yields decreased exponentially and significantly with the increase of soil Cu levels. Rice grain yield was reduced about 10% by soil Cu level of 100 mg kg(-1), about 50% by soil Cu level of 300-500 mg kg(-1) and about 90% by soil Cu concentration of 1,000 mg kg(-1).

[Response of rice grain quality traits to free-air CO2 enrichment].

The study showed that under field condition, when the CO2 concentration was elevated 200 micromol x mol(-1) above control, the average brown rice rate of japonica variety Wuxiangjing 14 was 1.4% higher, while lead milled rice rate was 12.3% lower than control.

[Effect of free-air CO2 enrichment on biomass accumulation and distribution in rice].

Investigation on the effect of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) on biomass accumulation and distribution in different parts of rice plant treated with 200 mumol.mol-1 CO2 elevation under field condition showed that the dry matter accumulated from transplanting to 20th day after heading and the total biomass increased significantly, while the dry mater accumulated from 20th day after heading to maturity was significantly depressed under FACE treatment. The enhancement of both leaf area index (LAI) and net assimilation rate (NAR) under FACE treatment resulted in the increase of dry matter accumulated from transplanting to heading, while the dominant reason for the increase of dry matter accumulated during 20 days after heading was the slowed decline of LAI.

[Effect of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) on nitrogen accumulation and utilization efficiency in rice (Oryza sativa)].

Effect of FACE, 200 mumol.mol-1 CO2 elevation under field condition in this study, on nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency in rice was investigated. Results showed that nitrogen content (%) in rice plant sampled at different growth stages decreased significantly under FACE treatment, but FACE had no obvious effect on nitrogen accumulation in rice plant due to the significant enhancement in dry matter production.

[Effect of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) on spikelets differentiation and retrogression in rice (Oryza sativa)].

Effect of Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE), 200 mumol.mol-1CO2 elevation under field condition, on the number of differentiated, retrograded, and survived primary and secondary branches and their spikelets in rice was investigated, and the percentage of retrograded branches and spikelets under FACE treatment were also calculated. Results showed that the number of differentiated primary and secondary branches, the number and percentage of retrograded primary branches per panicle were not significantly affected by FACE, but the number and percentage of retrograded secondary branches per panicle significantly increased under FACE treatment, which resulted in the significant decrease of survived secondary banches.

[Effects of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) on yield formation in rice (Oryza sativa)].

Effect of Free-Air CO2 enrichment (FACE, 200 mumol.mol-1 higher than CK) on rice yield and its components under field condition were studied with a Japonica variety 99-15. Results showed that FACE treatment had no obvious effect on plant height and number of leaves on main stem, but could quicken growth process of rice, shorten the whole growth duration.