A deep-learning pipeline for the diagnosis and discrimination of viral, non-viral and COVID-19 pneumonia from chest X-ray images.

Common lung diseases are first diagnosed using chest X-rays. Here, we show that a fully automated deep-learning pipeline for the standardization of chest X-ray images, for the visualization of lesions and for disease diagnosis can identify viral pneumonia caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and assess its severity, and can also discriminate between viral pneumonia caused by COVID-19 and other types of pneumonia. The deep-learning system was developed using a heterogeneous multicentre dataset of 145,202 images, and tested retrospectively and prospectively with thousands of additional images across four patient cohorts and multiple countries.

Efficacy of Lenvatinib, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on laser-induced CNV mouse model of neovascular AMD.

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss worldwide. Although intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF antibodies and VEGF Trap have significant clinical benefits, the complications of intravitreal injection, drug resistance and patient compliance still need to be concerned. In this study, the effects of an orally administered multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Lenvatinib, E7080) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo on neovascular AMD mouse model.

Intermedin Enlarges the Vascular Lumen by Inducing the Quiescent Endothelial Cell Proliferation.

Objective: Intermedin plays an important role in vascular remodeling and significantly improves blood perfusion, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to define whether vascular lumen enlargement is responsible for the intermedin-increased blood perfusion and explore the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms.

Approach And Results: To study the role of intermedin, we generated the IMD-KO () mice using CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated 9) system.

MicroRNA Expression Profile on Solid Subtype of Invasive Lung Adenocarcinoma Reveals a Panel of Four miRNAs to Be Associated with Poor Prognosis in Chinese Patients.

According to the reclassification of lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) proposed in 2011, solid predominant lung adenocarcinoma (SPA) has been associated with poor outcomes for LAC patients. However, the prognostic value of the presence of solid subtype remains unclear. Besides, there is little data about the roles of microRNA (miRNA) in solid subtype of LAC.

Lens regeneration using endogenous stem cells with gain of visual function.

The repair and regeneration of tissues using endogenous stem cells represents an ultimate goal in regenerative medicine. To our knowledge, human lens regeneration has not yet been demonstrated. Currently, the only treatment for cataracts, the leading cause of blindness worldwide, is to extract the cataractous lens and implant an artificial intraocular lens.

P16INK4a Upregulation Mediated by SIX6 Defines Retinal Ganglion Cell Pathogenesis in Glaucoma.

Glaucoma, a blinding neurodegenerative disease, whose risk factors include elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), age, and genetics, is characterized by accelerated and progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. Despite decades of research, the mechanism of RGC death in glaucoma is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the genetic effect of the SIX6 risk variant (rs33912345, His141Asn) is enhanced by another major POAG risk gene, p16INK4a (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, isoform INK4a).

Effects of adiponectin polymorphisms on the risk of advanced age-related macular degeneration.

Objective: To determine the relationships between variants in adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) with advanced forms of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) susceptibility.

Methods: A total of 189 advanced AMD patients and 168 controls were recruited. Seven tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ADIPOQ were genotyped by the SNaPshot method.

Lanosterol reverses protein aggregation in cataracts.

The human lens is comprised largely of crystallin proteins assembled into a highly ordered, interactive macro-structure essential for lens transparency and refractive index. Any disruption of intra- or inter-protein interactions will alter this delicate structure, exposing hydrophobic surfaces, with consequent protein aggregation and cataract formation. Cataracts are the most common cause of blindness worldwide, affecting tens of millions of people, and currently the only treatment is surgical removal of cataractous lenses.

Transcription Factor PAX6 (Paired Box 6) Controls Limbal Stem Cell Lineage in Development and Disease.

PAX6 is a master regulatory gene involved in neuronal cell fate specification. It also plays a critical role in early eye field and subsequent limbal stem cell (LSC) determination during eye development. Defects in Pax6 cause aniridia and LSC deficiency in humans and the Sey (Small eye) phenotype in mice (Massé, K.

Identify the signature genes for diagnose of uveal melanoma by weight gene co-expression network analysis.

Aim: To identify and understand the relationship between co-expression pattern and clinic traits in uveal melanoma, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) is applied to investigate the gene expression levels and patient clinic features. Uveal melanoma is the most common primary eye tumor in adults. Although many studies have identified some important genes and pathways that were relevant to progress of uveal melanoma, the relationship between co-expression and clinic traits in systems level of uveal melanoma is unclear yet.

Salidroside protects retinal endothelial cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury via modulating oxidative status and apoptosis.

Oxidative stress can cause injury in retinal endothelial cells. Salidroside is a strong antioxidative and cytoprotective supplement in Chinese traditional medicine. In this study, we investigated the effects of salidroside on H2O2-induced primary retinal endothelial cells injury.

Effects of nerve growth factor on nerve regeneration after corneal nerve damage.

The study aims to determine the relation between the effects of mouse nerve growth factor (mNGF) and nerve regeneration after corneal surgery nerve damage. Mechanical nerve injury animal model was established by LASIK (the excimer laser keratomileusis) surgery in 12 Belgian rabbits. mNGF and the balanced salt solution (BBS) were alternatively administered in the left and right eye two times every day for 8 weeks.

Malattia leventinese/Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy in a chinese family with mutation of the EFEMP1 gene.

Purpose: To characterize the clinical features and molecular genetic findings in a Chinese pedigree with Malattia leventinese/Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy.

Methods: All patients underwent ophthalmologic examinations, including Snellen best-corrected visual acuity, fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence imaging, fundus fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples.

WNT7A and PAX6 define corneal epithelium homeostasis and pathogenesis.

The surface of the cornea consists of a unique type of non-keratinized epithelial cells arranged in an orderly fashion, and this is essential for vision by maintaining transparency for light transmission. Cornea epithelial cells (CECs) undergo continuous renewal from limbal stem or progenitor cells (LSCs), and deficiency in LSCs or corneal epithelium--which turns cornea into a non-transparent, keratinized skin-like epithelium--causes corneal surface disease that leads to blindness in millions of people worldwide. How LSCs are maintained and differentiated into corneal epithelium in healthy individuals and which key molecular events are defective in patients have been largely unknown.

CETP Gene may be Associated with Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Chinese Population.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate whether variations in LIPC, CETP, ABCA1 and LPL, which are involved in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism, are associated with advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the Chinese population.

Design And Methods: A total of 119 Chinese patients with advanced AMD and 99 control individuals were recruited. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes.

RAD51 gene is associated with advanced age-related macular degeneration in Chinese population.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate whether variations in RAD51, B3GALTL, TNFRSF10A and REST-C4ORF14-POLR2B-IGFBP7 are associated with advanced forms of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Chinese population.

Design And Methods: A total of 119 Chinese patients with AMD and 99 control individuals were recruited. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes.

TGFBI gene mutation analysis in a Chinese pedigree of Reis-Bücklers corneal dystrophy.

Purpose: To analyze transforming growth factor beta-induced (TGFBI) gene mutations in a Chinese pedigree with Reis-Bücklers dystrophy (RBCD).

Methods: In a four-generation Chinese family with Reis-Bücklers dystrophy, six members were patients and the rest were unaffected. All members of the family underwent complete ophthalmologic examinations.

Profiling microRNAs differentially expressed in rabbit retina.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, which regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Recent studies indicate that miRNAs may constitute a major mechanism underlying mammal's retinal development. The overall objective of this study is to compare and contrast retinal miRNAs expression between newborn and adult rabbits, and to identify some of the genes possibly associated with retinal development.

Neuroprotective effects of C-type natriuretic peptide on rat retinal ganglion cells.

PURPOSE. To evaluate the potential neuroprotective effects of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) on rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). METHODS.

Evaluation of monkey intraocular pressure by rebound tonometer.

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of the TonoVet rebound tonometer in measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) of monkeys.

Methods: The accuracy of the TonoVet rebound tonometer was determined in cannulated eyes of anesthetized rhesus monkeys where IOP was controlled by adjusting the height of a connected perfusate reservoir. To assess the applicability of the equipment through in vivo studies, the diurnal fluctuation of IOP and effects of IOP-lowering compounds were evaluated in monkeys.

Sequence analysis of MYOC and CYP1B1 in a Chinese pedigree of juvenile glaucoma with goniodysgenesis.

Purpose: This study was designed to analyze two candidate genes, myocilin (MYOC) and cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1), in a Chinese pedigree of juvenile glaucoma with goniodysgenesis.

Methods: In a three-generation family of juvenile glaucoma with goniodysgenesis (13 members), six of them were patients with glaucoma and the rest were asymptomatic. All members of the family underwent complete ophthalmologic examinations.

[Effect of ligand pioglitazone activating PPAR-gamma on the invasiveness of cholangiocarcinoma cell in vitro and the expression regulation of related genes].

Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of ligand pioglitazone (PGZ) activating PPAR-gamma on the invasiveness of cholangiocarcinoma cell in vitro.

Methods: Human hilar cholangiocarcinoma cell line QBC939 was selected and cultured in vitro for this research. The rate of QBC939 cell growth inhibition was detected by MTT, and the influence of PGZ on the expression of MMP-7 mRNA and TIMP-1 mRNA was measured by using FQ-PCR.