Cost Effectiveness of Colorectal Cancer Screening Strategies in Middle- and High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.

Background And Aim: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health burden, and screening can greatly reduce CRC incidence and mortality. Previous studies investigated the economic effects of CRC screening. We performed a systematic review to provide the cost-effectiveness of CRC screening strategies across countries with different income levels.

Bathing with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate versus routine care for preventing surgical site infections after pancreatic surgery: a single centre randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: To investigate whether bathing with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) reduces the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) in patients undergoing routine pancreatic surgery.

Methods: A randomised controlled trial was conducted at a large-volume pancreatic centre between 1 January 2021 and 31 December 2022. Patients undergoing clean-contaminated pancreatic surgery were enrolled and randomised into an intervention arm (bathing with a 2% CHG wipe) and a control arm (routine care, soap and water).

Impact of achieving WHO's 90-70-90 targets on cervical cancer elimination and potential benefits in preventing other HPV-related cancers in China: a modelling study.

Background: In the context of the World Health Organization's (WHO) 90-70-90 targets for accelerating cervical cancer elimination, we aimed to assess the impact of achieving these targets and altering intervention factors on cervical cancer elimination in China and their potential benefits from preventing other human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers.

Methods: We developed a sexual contact network-Markov model to simulate HPV transmission and the progression of HPV-related cancers (cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers). We projected the population impact of achieving 90-70-90 targets by 2030 on the overall HPV-related cancer burden in China during 2024-2100.

Real-world clinical data-driven modelling on the initiation time of antiviral prophylaxis among pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B infection.

Background & Aims: The risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) for pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) still exists, especially for those with high HBV DNA levels. The guidelines for initiating prophylaxis for pregnant women with CHB vary across countries. We aimed to explore the latest prophylaxis initiation time for these women.

The spatiotemporal associations between esophageal and gastric cancers provide evidence for its joint endoscopic screening in China: a population-based study.

Background: The spatiotemporal epidemiological evidence supporting joint endoscopic screening for esophageal cancer (EC) and gastric cancer (GC) remains limited. This study aims to identify combined high-risk regions for EC and GC and determine optimal areas for joint and separate endoscopic screening.

Methods: We analyzed the association of incidence trends between EC and GC in cancer registry areas across China from 2006 to 2016 using spatiotemporal statistical methods.

Hepatitis B virus infection and vaccination among people who use drugs in Xi'an, China.

Background: While hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in children has declined dramatically in China due to the vaccination strategy for newborns, HBV infection in high-risk adults is receiving an increasing attention. The number of people who use drugs (PWUD) in China is huge, but their status of HBV infection and vaccination is less reported, especially from large samples. The related knowledge can help decision makers develop the further strategy of HBV prevention and control.

Investigating the temporal trends of diabetes disease burden in China during 1990-2019 from a global perspective.

Introduction: Diabetes poses a global public health challenge and our understanding of its temporal evolution in China relative to the rest of the world is limited. Our study aims to comprehensively examine the temporal trend of diabetes DALYs in China from a global perspective.

Methods: We analyzed data on diabetes incidence, prevalence, and mortality for individuals aged ≥20 years in China and globally from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study.

Optimising HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and testing strategies in men who have sex with men in Australia, Thailand, and China: a modelling study and cost-effectiveness analysis.

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Asia-Pacific region have a disproportionately high burden of HIV infection compared with the general population. Although pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV is highly effective at preventing new HIV infections, the cost-effectiveness of PrEP for MSM in different countries in the Asia-Pacific region with varying PrEP coverage and HIV testing frequencies remains unstudied. We aimed to analyse the economic and health benefits of long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) compared with oral PrEP in high-income countries and low-income and middle-income countries within the Asia-Pacific region.

Cost-Effectiveness of the Second COVID-19 Booster Vaccination in the USA.

Objective: To assess the cost effectiveness of the second COVID-19 booster vaccination with different age groups.

Methods: We developed a decision-analytic Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR)-Markov model by five age groups (0-4 years, 5-11 years 12-17 years, 18-49 years, and 50+ years) and calibrated the model by actual mortality in each age group in the USA. We conducted five scenarios to evaluate the cost effectiveness of the second booster strategy and incremental benefits if the strategy would expand to 18-49 years and 12-17 years, from a health care system perspective.

Cost-effectiveness of artificial intelligence-assisted liquid-based cytology testing for cervical cancer screening in China.

Background: The 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for cervical cancer screening recommend human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA or mRNA testing. Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted liquid-based cytology (LBC) systems also have the potential to facilitate rapid scale-up of cervical cancer screening. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of AI-assisted LBC testing, compared with the manual LBC and HPV-DNA testing, for primary cervical cancer screening in China.

The impact of attrition on the transmission of HIV and drug resistance.

Background: Attrition due to loss to follow-up or termination of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV-infected patients in care may increase the risk of emergence and transmission of drug resistance (TDR), diminish benefit of treatment, and increase morbidity and mortality. Understanding the impact of attrition on the epidemic is essential to provide interventions for improving retention in care.

Methods: We developed a comprehensive HIV transmission dynamics model by considering CD4 + cell count dependent diagnosis, treatment, and attrition involving TDR and acquired drug resistance.

Global Diabetes Prevalence in COVID-19 Patients and Contribution to COVID-19- Related Severity and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: COVID-19 and diabetes both contribute to large global disease burdens.

Purpose: To quantify the prevalence of diabetes in various COVID-19 disease stages and calculate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of diabetes to COVID-19-related severity and mortality.

Data Sources: Systematic review identified 729 studies with 29,874,938 COVID-19 patients.

Projected rapid growth in diabetes disease burden and economic burden in China: a spatio-temporal study from 2020 to 2030.

Background: This study projects the trend of disease burden and economic burden of diabetes in 33 Chinese provinces and nationally during 2020-2030 and investigates its spatial disparities.

Methods: Time series prediction on the prevalence and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rates of diabetes was conducted using a Bayesian modelling approach in 2020-2030. The top-down method and the human capital method were used to predict the direct and indirect costs of diabetes for each Chinese province.

mRNA-based COVID-19 booster vaccination is highly effective and cost-effective in Australia.

Background: Australia implemented an mRNA-based booster vaccination strategy against the COVID-19 Omicron variant in November 2021. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the booster strategy over 180 days.

Methods: We developed a decision-analytic Markov model of COVID-19 to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a booster strategy (administered 3 months after 2nd dose) in those aged ≥ 16 years, from a healthcare system perspective.

Mendelian Randomization Analysis of the Association of SOCS3 Methylation with Abdominal Obesity.

This study was conducted to evaluate the potential causality association of SOCS3 methylation with abdominal obesity using Mendelian randomization. A case-control study, including 1064 participants, was carried out on Chinese subjects aged 18 to 79. MethylTargetTM was used to detect the methylation level for each CpG site of SOCS3, and SNPscan was applied to measure the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping.

Modelling the impact of universal influenza vaccines on seasonal influenza with different subtypes.

Several candidates of universal influenza vaccine (UIV) have entered phase III clinical trials, which are expected to improve the willingness and coverage of the population substantially. The impact of UIV on the seasonal influenza epidemic in low influenza vaccination coverage regions like China remains unclear. We proposed a new compartmental model involving the transmission of different influenza subtypes to evaluate the effects of UIV.

Modelling the prevalence of hepatitis B towards eliminating it as a major public health threat in China.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) requires reduction in the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) in children to 0.1% by 2030, a key indicator for eliminating viral hepatitis as a major public health threat. Whether and how China can achieve this target remains unknown, although great achievements have been made.

Effect of Direct Bilirubin Level on Clinical Outcome and Prognoses in Severely/Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate how changes in direct bilirubin (DBiL) levels in severely/critically ill the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients during their first week of hospital admission affect their subsequent prognoses and mortality.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 337 severely/critically ill COVID-19 patients with two consecutive blood tests at hospital admission and about 7 days after. Based on the trend of the two consecutive tests, we categorized patients into the normal direct bilirubin (DBiL) group (224), declined DBiL group (44) and elevated DBiL group (79).

Incidence and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) in intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 31 cohort studies.

Background: We aimed to identify studies systematically that describe the incidence and outcome of COVID-19-related pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA).

Methods: We searched ScienceDirect, PubMed, CNKI, and MEDLINE (OVID) from December 31, 2019 to November 20, 2021 for all eligible studies. Random-model was used to reported the incidence, all-cause case fatality rate (CFR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Gastric and esophageal cancer in China 2000 to 2030: Recent trends and short-term predictions of the future burden.

Background: Gastric and esophageal cancer (GEC) have made a great contribution to the cancer burden in China. This study aims to report GEC incidence and mortality trends in 2000-2015 and their predictions to 2030.

Methods: We collected GEC data from 22 cancer registries for Joinpoint temporal trend analysis between 2000 and 2015 and average annual percent change was calculated.

Evaluating the Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Variants on the COVID-19 Epidemic and Social Restoration in the United States: A Mathematical Modelling Study.

Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants are still rampant across the United States (US). We aimed to evaluate the impact of vaccination scale-up and potential reduction in the vaccination effectiveness on the COVID-19 epidemic and social restoration in the US. We extended a published compartmental model and calibrated the model to the latest US COVID-19 data.

Cost-effectiveness of universal screening for chronic hepatitis B virus infection in China: an economic evaluation.

Background: China has the highest prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection worldwide. Universal HBV screening might enable China to reach the WHO 2030 target of 90% diagnostics, 80% treatment, and 65% HBV-related death reduction, and eventually elimination of viral hepatitis. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of implementing universal HBV screening in China and identified optimal screening strategies.

Associations between cancer family history and esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions in high-risk areas of China.

Background: Family clustering of esophageal cancer (EC) has been found in high-risk areas of China. However, the relationships between cancer family history and esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions (ECPL) have not been comprehensively reported in recent years. This study aimed to provide evidence for identification of high-risk populations.

Association of treatments for acute appendicitis with pregnancy outcomes in the United States from 2000 to 2016: Results from a multi-level analysis.

Background: Open appendectomy, laparoscopic appendectomy, and non-surgical treatment are three options to treat acute appendicitis during pregnancy. Previous studies on the association of different treatment methods for acute appendicitis with pregnancy outcomes have been limited by small sample sizes and residual confounding, especially with respect to hospital-level factors. This study aimed to investigate the association of treatment method for acute appendicitis with pregnancy outcomes using a multi-level analysis.