Effects of Rho Kinase Inhibitors on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Nonhuman Primates and Rabbits.

Purpose: This study examines the effects of 2 Rho kinase inhibitors on intraocular pressure (IOP) and aqueous humor dynamics.

Methods: IOPs of New Zealand albino rabbits with ocular normotension and cynomolgus macaques (nonhuman primate, NHP) with chronic unilateral laser-induced glaucoma were measured at baseline and periodically after a 9 a.m.

Cabergoline: Pharmacology, ocular hypotensive studies in multiple species, and aqueous humor dynamic modulation in the Cynomolgus monkey eyes.

The aims of the current studies were to determine the in vitro and in vivo ocular and non-ocular pharmacological properties of cabergoline using well documented receptor binding, cell-based functional assays, and in vivo models. Cabergoline bound to native and/or human cloned serotonin-2A/B/C (5HT(2A/B/C)), 5HT(1A), 5HT(7), alpha(2B), and dopamine-2/3 (D(2/3)) receptor subtypes with nanomolar affinity. Cabergoline was an agonist at human recombinant 5HT(2), 5HT(1A) and D(2/3) receptors but an antagonist at 5HT(7) and alpha(2) receptors.

Loss of melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells in a rat glaucoma model.

Background: Glaucoma can cause progressive damage to retinal ganglion cells. These cells can be classified as cells projecting to the superior colliculus and melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells, which project to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. This study was to investigate the effects of chronic intraocular pressure elevation on melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells in rats.

Effects of a prostaglandin DP receptor agonist, AL-6598, on aqueous humor dynamics in a nonhuman primate model of glaucoma.

This study examines, in 11 cynomolgus monkeys with unilateral laser-induced glaucoma, the ocular hypotensive mechanism of action of AL-6598, partial agonist at the DP and EP prostanoid receptors. In a crossover fashion, both eyes of each monkey were dosed twice daily with 25 microL of either AL-6598 0.01% or vehicle for 2 days and on the morning of the 3rd day.

Effects of travoprost on aqueous humor dynamics in monkeys.

Purpose: To determine the mechanism by which travoprost, a prodrug of a prostaglandin F2alpha analog, reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) in cynomolgus monkey eyes.

Methods: One eye each of 12 monkeys was treated with laser burns to the trabecular meshwork to elevate IOP. At least 4 months later (Baseline Day), IOP was measured by pneumatonometry (9:00 AM and 11:45 AM), and aqueous flow and outflow facility were determined by a fluorophotometric method.

Effects on aqueous flow of dorzolamide combined with either timolol or acetazolamide.

Purpose: To determine the effect on aqueous flow of topical dorzolamide 2%, topical timolol 0.5%, or oral acetazolamide 250 mg when used alone or when dorzolamide is combined with either timolol or acetazolamide.

Methods: In 30 patients with ocular hypertension, aqueous flow and intraocular pressure (IOP) were determined at baseline and on the following combinations of drugs in a crossover design: (1) vehicle alone, (2) dorzolamide alone, (3) acetazolamide alone, (4) timolol alone, (5) dorzolamide + acetazolamide, and (6) dorzolamide + timolol.

Effects of brinzolamide on aqueous humor dynamics in monkeys and rabbits.

This study examines the mechanisms by which brinzolamide reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) in healthy rabbits and in monkeys with unilateral ocular hypertension. Intraocular pressures were measured by pneumatonometry and aqueous flow was determined by fluorophotometry before and after three twice-daily drops of 1% brinzolamide to both eyes per monkey and after similar treatment to one eye per rabbit. In monkeys, outflow facility was determined by fluorophotometry and uveoscleral outflow was calculated.

Unoprostone isopropyl ester darkens iris color in pigmented rabbits with sympathetic denervation.

Purpose: Unoprostone isopropyl ester (unoprostone) -induced iris color darkening was evaluated in a rabbit model using a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, an alpha(1)-adrenergic antagonist, and sympathetic denervation.

Materials And Methods: Dutch-belted rabbits were divided into five groups based on type of surgery and eyedrop treatment to both eyes: (1) sham surgery (n = 7); (2) bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx, n = 7); (3) SCGx plus flurbiprofen 0.03% (n = 7); (4) SCGx plus thymoxamine 0.

Time dependent effects of sympathetic denervation on aqueous humor dynamics and choroidal blood flow in rabbits.

Purpose: This study investigates the time-dependent effects of superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx) on aqueous humor dynamics and ocular blood flow in rabbits.

Methods: Measurements were made at various times between 24 hours and 12 months after SCGx. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by pneumatonometry, aqueous flow by fluorophotometry and outflow facility by tonography.