[Analysis on the whole genome of the influenza H1N1 virus of the mild and severe cases in Beijing in 2009].

Objective: To explore the characteristics of the whole genome of the influenza H1N1 virus of the mild and severe cases in Beijing.

Methods: A total of 21 samples of throat swabs were collected from surveillance-designated hospitals between June and December in 2009, including 10 severe cases (4 death cases) and 11 mild cases. RNA of the virus were extracted,and the amplified primers of the whole genome were designed.

[Study on types of M protein gene in group A streptococcus isolated from children in Beijing, 2011].

Objective: To explore the distribution characteristics of the types of M protein gene (emm) in group A streptococcus (GAS) isolated from children in Beijing in the year 2011.

Methods: During May to July in 2011, a total of 3315 patients who were diagnosed scarlet fever or pharyngeal infection by doctors in pediatric outpatient and emergency units of 36 hospitals, were selected as subjects. Their throat swab samples were collected and isolated the strains of GAS.

[Application of EARS in early-warning of influenza pandemic in Beijing].

Objective: To illustrate the efficiency of cumulative sum (CUSUM) in pre-warning of the influenza peak in Beijing.

Methods: CUSUM was used to analyze the data of influenza like illness (ILI), and the results of the influenza laboratory surveillance was regarded as the gold standard to judge the approaching of the influenza peak.

Results: The surveillance was launched in 421 hospitals in Beijing during the 2009 to 2010 influenza season, while the influenza laboratory surveillance was launched by 7 collaborative laboratories.

[Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils by cold-adapted microorganisms: research advance].

Cold-adapted microorganisms such as psychrotrophs and psychrophiles widely exist in the soils of sub-Arctic, Arctic, Antarctic, alpine, and high mountains, being the important microbial resources for the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons at low temperature. Using the unique advantage of cold-adapted microorganisms to the bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils in low temperature region has become a research hotspot. This paper summarized the category and cold-adaptation mechanisms of the microorganisms able to degrade petroleum hydrocarbon at low temperature, biodegradation characteristics and mechanisms of different petroleum fractions under the action of cold-adapted microorganisms, bio-stimulation techniques for improving biodegradation efficiency, e.

[The significance of different sample types in study of pandemic A (H1N1) influenza diagnosis].

Objective: To explore the value of different types of samples, including throat swabs, stools, bloods in pandemic A (H1N1) influenza diagnosis and virus shedding patterns.

Methods: From May to June in 2009, 135 samples were collected from 23 confirmed cases of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection, including 99 throat swabs, 14 stools, 11 bloods, 1 respiratory tract washing from 13 confirmed cases and 10 blood samples from other confirmed cases. The virus was detected by real-time RT-PCR, the antibody was detected by haemagglutination inhibition assay.

[Etiological characteristics of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus in Beijing].

Objective: To analyze the results of detection on influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus in Beijing from May 2009 to December 2009 and to understand the epidemiologic characteristics during the pandemic period.

Methods: The study was conducted from the May 1 to December 27, 2009. A total of 101 852 throat swab samples were detected with the real-time RT-PCR assay by the Beijing Network Laboratory.

[A survey on serological epidemiology of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in Beijing].

Objective: To investigate the immunological level against influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in Beijing and provide evidence to evaluate the developing trend of the disease.

Methods: Between Nov. 27, 2009 and Dec.

Ecotoxicity assessment of aged petroleum sludge using a suite of effects-based end points in earthworm Eisenia fetida.

Laboratory investigations were conducted to test the toxicity of aged petroleum sludge collected from Shengli Oil Field, the second largest oilfield in China, to earthworm Eisenia fetida. Various end points were measured in the earthworms, including mortality, growth, cocoon output, juvenile production, and avoidance behavioral response, to determine their comparative sensitivity for assessing harmful effects of petroleum-hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. The results showed that all these assays responded in a concentration-dependent manner, and two chronic end points, juvenile production and cocoon output, as well as avoidance behavioral response appeared to be sensitive end points for detecting toxicity of petroleum-hydrocarbon-contaminated soil.